Mini Usa Essay

Although there is millions of people watch the ads in TV, the most of â€Å"right† viewers miss it. For example, if only 1% of total viewers are potential consumers, the ad is not cost effective. – Recall or hold the information. It is difficult for people to recall or hold the information if they are interested in the product currently or in future. Internet advertising and online customization Emphasize on internet advertising and make an online customization service to potential consumers to design their own unique motors. MINI USA may take full advantage of customization of cars. This may also find some unknown consumers. Pros: -Huge viewers. Internet advertising can be viewed by a lot of viewers. -Internet advertising had reached a tipping point and was about to enter a period of accelerated growth. -Low cost Cons: -Senior citizens are not online in the same numbers as younger generations. -People may ignore ads when they are browsing webpages. Most people do not browse webpage aimless and they have a goal to find what they want, so they may ignore the ads. Recommendation Internet advertising and online customization would be recommended due to several reasons. Firstly, internet advertising is cost effective since it has a lower cost and can be viewed by a lot of people. Secondly, the television advertising and printed ads are declined. However, internet advertising was about to grow. Thirdly, online customization would be interesting, so consumers may send their customized motors to their friends and it may create more participants and discover more potential consumers. Finally, the potential buyers of MINI are

Negative Side Effects of a Low-Carb Diet Essay

Diet Low-carb diets can be a healthy and efficient weight-loss program, but they can be risky, as carbohydrates are the only sources of energy for your crucial body organs such as the brain, central nervous system and the kidneys. According to the Mayo Clinic, low-carb diets increase the levels of blood sugar and make your body use its fat stores. However, low-cab diets have some negative side effects associated with them. General Body Weakness When you make a transition from a crab-dependent diet to a low-carb diet, your body needs to adjust to the changes, according to Becky Hand, a licensed and registered dietitian. Low-carb diets cause lack of energy in your body because carbohydrates play a role in the burning of fats, which produce energy. Lack of energy in your body can cause dizziness, nausea, headaches and fatigue. Bad Breath Low-carb diets lead to incomplete burning of fats to produce energy in your body, and in the process, ketones are produced, says Anssi H Manninen, an exercise physiologist specializing in sports nutrition and ergogenic aids. Excess ketones in your body come out through your urine and saliva. This causes bad breath among people on low-carb diets. Though you cannot do much to stop bad breath, drinking water and chewing sugar-free gum can help you suppress bad breath, says Shannon Clark, a certified personal trainer and author of â€Å"8 Low-Carb Conundrums. † Constipation Foods in low-carb diets such as beef have little fiber and cause reduction in body fiber, which can lead to constipation. However, constipation occurs due to lack of roughage in your body regardless your nutrition plan, says Clark. You can avoid constipation by including vegetables in your diet, since they have soluble fiber that slows the movement of food in the intestines to ensure complete digestion of food. Dehydration Low-carb diets burn glycogen stores in your body, which have water. Excretion of ketones through your urine causes frequent urination. This loss of water leads to dehydration when you are on a low-carb diet. Dehydration leads to headaches and fatigue. Take a lot of water to replenish the lost water as a remedy to dehydration caused by low-carb diet, reports the Mayo Clinic. Muscle Cramps Diets low in carbohydrates has an effect on your muscles. This is caused by the dehydration due to your low-carb diet and lack of vitamins that are important for the well-being of your muscles. Muscle cramps reduce your fitness and energy levels, says Doctor Arne Astrup. Consume fruits and vegetables with essential vitamins as a remedy for muscle cramps. Key Concepts * Low-carb diet * Effects of low-carb * Lack of carbohydrates References * US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health: Metabolic Effects of the Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diets: Misunderstood â€Å"Villains† of Human Metabolism [ http://www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/18500949 ] * The Mayo Clinic: Low Carb Diets [ http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/low-carb-diet/NU00279 ] * CBSNews. com: Low-Carb Side Effects Cited [ http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2004/09/02/health/main640566. shtml ] * Bodybuilding. com: 8 Low-Carb Conundrums [ http://www. bodybuilding. com/fun/8-low-carb-conundrums. html ] * Spark People: The Truth About Carbohydrates [ http://www. sparkpeople. com/resource/nutrition_articles. asp? id=590 ] * The Mayo Clinic: Glycemic Index Diet; What’s Behind the Claims [ http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/glycemic-index-diet/MY00770 ]

Analysis of “Nuances of a Theme by Williams”

Analysis of â€Å"Nuances of a Theme by Williams† The title of Wallace Stevens’ poem â€Å"Nuances of a Theme by Williams† implies that he intends to comment on, possibly celebrate, and almost certainly explore the potential distinctions and variations available in the poem by William Carlos Williams titled â€Å"El Hombre.† Stevens includes â€Å"El Hombre,† in its entirety minus the title, in the opening four lines of his poem with the implication (again based on the, at worst, neutral title of Stevens’ poem as well as the seemingly tributary inclusion of â€Å"El Hombre†) that his re-workings and explorations of his colleague’s piece will maintain its essence and, presumably, not bear it much, if any, antipathy. The title, however, proves to be misleading and Stevens’ subsequent lines appear to be less of a nuanced exploration of Williams’ poem than a criticism of what he sees as its faults: namely the sentimentality, anthropomorphizing, and romantic detachedness of t he narrator that is present especially in the first two lines. It is particularly the first stanza of Williams’ poem that Stevens takes issue with and he does so, at least in part, by way of its second stanza. Stevens attaches himself to two phrases, â€Å"shine alone† (3) and â€Å"lend no part† (4), that bookend the second stanza of Williams’ poem and uses them as his access points to the poem. He quotes the two phrases directly, elevating them to the opening words of both of his subsequent stanzas, though in doing so he also very purposefully changes their meaning. The first line of Stevens’ composition, â€Å"Shine alone, shine nakedly, shine like bronze† (5) seems, appropriately, to satisfy the expectations of the title while also being characteristic of Stevens’ playful perspectivist aesthetic tendencies (reminiscent, perhaps, of â€Å"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird†); beginning with the two-word phrase taken directly from Williams’ piece, Stevens’ proceeds to stretch it into a richer, more textured imperative description of the same â€Å"ancient star† (2) addressed in Williams’ poem. Nonetheless, the succeeding two lines that make up the rest of Stevens’ first stanza diverge from mere variation into what seems to be an invective response to the opening lines of Williams’ poem: â€Å"It’s a strange courage/you give me, ancient star† (1-2). Stevens appears to be concerned with the fact that Williams sort of anthropomorphizes the star, which seems to be the rising sun, and instills it with the ability to give courage. He says of the sun that it must shine like something that â€Å"reflects neither [his] face nor any inner part/of [his] being† (6-7) and, ultimately, â€Å"like fire, that mirrors nothing† (7). Stevens’ deliberate dissociation with the sun (as a stand-in for nature) reflects his belief that one should apprehend nature without embellishing it; that the things of nature should not be used as means to access the triumphs or despairs of humanity. Where in Stevens’ â€Å"The Snowman† it is only with â€Å"a mind of winter† (1) that one can hear â€Å"the sound of the land† (10) without being distracted by â€Å"any misery in the sound of the wind† (8), so must Williams’ sun, in Stevens’ conception, mirror â€Å"nothing that is not there† (The Snowman, 15) if it is to be truly apprehended. With the entirety of Stevens’ first stanza in mind, the variations in his first line (that continues and concludes in the third with â€Å"shine like fire†) read less playfully and more like a slow, deliberate distancing from the humanness of the word â€Å"alone.† For â€Å"alone† is rarely used to describe the state of an inanimate object by itself, which wouldn’t require the recognition of being outside of a society of similar objects since society is limited to animate creatures. So Stevens re-forms the description as â€Å"nakedly.† That first step, though, is only a small step away from animation since it evokes the idea of being without clothes. But the adverb â€Å"nakedly† is, in fact, more commonly used to describe the nature of concepts or ideas, as in â€Å"plainly† or â€Å"blatantly,† and less the physical state of one’s dress. With the second transformation, â€Å"like bronze,† however, the le ss subtle split with animation begins. With â€Å"like bronze† Stevens has reformulated an idea of the sun as merely resembling something. Though it is a man-made something, which, therefore, maintains an inevitable if convoluted connection to the human realm. So, Stevens’ necessarily searches for one more angle, â€Å"like fire,† and the split with humanity is complete; the sun is reduced to something natural, independent of human existence, but, more importantly, it is reduced to precisely what it is. The sun is precisely something that in Stevens’ view should â€Å"lend no part to any humanity that suffuses/[the sun] in its own light† (8-9) as Williams does. For like Stevens declares in his later poem â€Å"Things of August†: â€Å"The rich earth, of its own self made rich,/Fertile of its own leaves† (51-52), so must the shining sun, of its own self shine. It appears that Stevens’ wishes to forget all human history of sun worship and mythology and relish the sun as it is perceived in the moment, in the present, by an individual person. Yet, in communicating his point, Stevens’ says that the sun should â€Å"be not chimera of the morning† (10). â€Å"Chimera† carries the meaning of â€Å"illusion† or â€Å"daydream† as if warning against being tricked into seeing the sun as more than it is, or as something that it is not. But â€Å"chimera† also carries the connotation of the mythical creature that was made of various animal parts and had an intelligence. So in this moment, while Stevens’ argument is ostensibly sustained, he undermines it slightly by constructing it around such a contradictory notion, even if only as a means to negate it. The final three lines of the poem continue in this vein of ridding the sun of any ancient residual meaning. He ironically says the star should â€Å"Be not an intelligence/Like a widow’s bird/Or and old horse† (12-15). These comparisons are ironic simply because Stevens would not grant intelligence to a bird or horse, but he knows that they are often thought of that way. A lonely widow gives more meaning and power to her avian companion and a farmer may attribute wisdom to a horse that has weathered much. Stevens slyly insults the romantic sentimentality of Williams’ poem by putting it on the same level as the foolish and uneducated figures suggested in his closing lines. It seems that Stevens sees Williams’ poem as weak and sentimental. Stevens’ poem is an exercise of his mind on Williams’ theme, enacted to deliberately and systematically gain control over the emotional preoccupations of the poem. I would suppose that, ultimately, Williams would not only have appreciated the criticisms of Stevens, but also would have agreed with them. I feel as though â€Å"El Hombre† is, at least on a basic level, an immature poem of Williams that would not have fit into his later, more distinctly formulated views.

Colomo Vs Bonds - What Sexual Harassment Really Is Essay

Colomo Vs Bonds - What Sexual Harassment Really Is - Essay Example Colomo’s mother then called the two students and in the process reprimanded Fuller for his actions as well as advising Victoria to avoid Fuller and ensure she does not walk alone on the campus. Fuller had also confronted Victoria twice which had led to his suspension from the school, and Victoria was assigned with an escort. Further measures were also taken to ensure that the students used separate ways and also had separate measures. Colomo’s mother also brought this point forward claiming that the school had been indifferent when dealing with the first case that had been brought forward. Under this, the courts ruled that if the ‘harasser’ acted in a way that makes the ‘harasser’ be denied of the rights to proper education, school management and the board would have acted indifferently if they had full awareness of the happenings of the case. However, the student had maintained stable grades since the case was based on the victim’s moth er believes that the school acted indifferently in solving the matter; hence, the case was thrown out for lack of evidence. Colomo’s mother was of the opinion that her daughter was being deprived of the educational opportunities which she was supposed to be accorded. In this case, the issue was in relation to the sexual harassment on the part of students against each other. To a greater extent, the court served to point out what constituted this sexual harassment. The decision which was reached by the court did not surmount a case. Instead, the case was dismissed. It was put that the conduct of the school was not â€Å"severe, pervasive and objectively offensive† to an extent that it can constitute a violation of the Title IX. It might have been probable that the victim mother acted in terms of her own intuition. In this case, her actions were orchestrated by her sympathy concern for her daughter.  Ã‚  

Accidental Heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accidental Heroes - Essay Example They decided to break the rules for a noble purpose and emerged as heroes. This paper shall look into several movies where heroes are made by their deliberate decisions to violate the rules established by the society they live in, their government or their superiors. These movies are The Island, The Matrix, Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, and Ironman 2. The theme about violating established rules and emerging as a hero at the end is apparently not only common but widely accepted among both filmmakers and moviegoers. The Island The 2005 movie The Island is a futuristic movie set in the year 2019 where a company has perfected the science of human cloning. They then capitalized on this technology by selling very expensive health insurance policies to the wealthy people who want to live forever. The clients were told that the company is keeping a stock of cloned body parts which they will use for perfectly compatible organ transplants. The clients are unaware that w hat the company has at their facility is a community of clones who are then killed in order to harvest the needed human organs. The accidental hero in the person of Lincoln Six-Echo is one of the clones living in the highly secluded and closely-monitored facility. They were not allowed to interact with one another. They were made to believe that they were the last survivors of the human race and they vied for a spot in â€Å"The Island† which is supposedly the last frontier of the earth. Their every move is being monitored and there are rules for everything. If curiosity killed the cat, Lincoln Six-Echo’s inquisitive nature saved him and the others. He had a lot of questions about the things around him and about what they are told to believe. And he searched for answers. When he asked his friends and the authorities at the facility, he does not get straight answers so he decided to take the risk of violating the facility’s rules and find the answers himself. The movie went on to reveal the truth and narrates the adventures of Lincoln Six-Echo outside the facility where he finally found out that the people in the facility are â€Å"copies of people out here in the world† (The Island). If he did not take the risk of violating the rules which was strictly and oppressively implemented inside the facility, Lincoln Six-Echo would not know about who and what he really was. Moreover, he would not be able to save himself and his friend, Jordan Two-Delta, who had already won her ticket to â€Å"The Island†. If he did not violate the rules in his confined world, the insurance company’s sinister business would not be exposed into the open and its clients would remain oblivious to the fact that someone identical to them had to die in order for them to live. The Matrix The matrix is by far the most intellectual and thought-provoking film I have ever seen. Admittedly, I had to watch it a second time to listen and fully absorb the dia logues, and a third time to fully and completely comprehend what the movie is all about. Although this movie is packed with action sequences and dazzling special effects, one can only fully understand the true meaning and message of the movie by absorbing every word in its limited dialogues. The Matrix tells about a post-apocalypse earth where humans are controlled by machines. Humans lay asleep in pods while their minds are inside a virtual reality program called the matrix. Inside the matrix, the minds of sleeping bodies live â€Å"normal† lives where they work, eat, sleep and die. However, in the real world, that is, outside of the matrix system, people are unconscious in a honeycomb of pods with tubes attached to their bodies and where â€Å"the machines liquefy the dead to feed the living†

Green Technology and Sustainable Development Research Paper

Green Technology and Sustainable Development - Research Paper Example The concentrated solar power integrates the use of mirrors and lenses, for purposes of creating a large surface area of sunlight, into a small beam, therefore converting the energy, into electric energy. This energy is always used in large power plants. The first solar power plant came into existence in the year 1980s. The plant was called Solar Energy Generating Systems, and was in California. This is the largest power installation system in the world (Cummings, 2012). This is because the plant has the capacity of producing 354 megawatts of solar power. There is no other solar plant in the world that produces solar energy, of such kind of a magnitude. Another solar plant is in the process of construction, and is situated in California. The power plant has the capacity of producing 550 megawatts of solar energy (Tumber, 2012). This is a solar plant that will use photovoltaic energy. Other solar plants, under construction in California are the Topaz solar farm, the Blythe Solar power project, and the Ivanpah solar power facility. All this are photovoltaic solar plants under construction in California. However, there exist photovoltaic solar panels in America that are in use (Sussman, 2012). These are the Copper Mountain Solar facility, in Nevada, and the Long Island Solar Farm, in New York. The two have a capacity of producing solar energy to the tune of 48 and 37 megawatts of electricity, respectively. This paper focuses on Photovoltaic industry, as an element of solar energy production. The Solar energy industry association estimates the number of jobs created by the industry to stand at around 25000 people. This amounted to an approximate number of 100,000 people as of August 2011. This people work in the sales and distribution department, installation, project development, finance, and research and development (Hess, 2012). This number of employees amount to less that 1% of United

Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Germany - Essay Example The listener does not understand the gravity of situation when listening to a speech full of words like â€Å"please† and â€Å"may†. On the other hand, German expression also has its cons. It is quite likely to offend the listener, though I like their expression because it is straightforward and truthful. I like the sense of responsibility Germans display in their work. Whatever task they undertake, they try their level best to accomplish it within the deadline. Also, Germans try to do the work rightly and do it with utmost sincerity, so that the final product comes out nice, though Americans are also no less sincere with their work. However, Americans are not as respectful towards the deadlines of work as Germans are. Germans respect their elders. It is part of their culture. Elders are given due respect and reverence and they are taken care of. Although most Americans do this as well, yet Germans are generally more prudent than Americans in this respect. Works cited: â€Å"Truth and Duty.† Culture Smart! Germany. pp. 41-42.

Environmental Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Environmental Ethics - Essay Example Additionally, Aristotle observes that ethical living calls for application of wisdom that depends upon the situation at hand rather than the mere application of the set laws. He referred to this kind of as practical wisdom or prudence which is different from the theoretical wisdom(Kamtekar, 2004). On the contrary, Friedrich Nietzsche looks at ethics as untenable phenomenon. Nietzsche argues that ethics is deleterious and can just be relevant in the case of the highest types of human beings (Katsafanas, 2011). This is because ethics requires a high degree of consequentialist perfectionism of good. One thing to note however is that Nietzsche is a not a critic of morality in totality. He for example agrees with the notion of a higher morality that informs the living of higher men both of which he attacks and praises. Nietzsche offers an analysis of the existing values in a way that appeals to some morality of some kind. Nietzsche advocates for similarity of all people, free will and transparency(Katsafanas, 2011). However, Nietzsche argues for the harm of the highest men while advancing the interests of the lowest men. Further, Charles Darwin brings about the concept of evolutionary ethics which has two broad perspectives of normative ethics and descriptive ethics. Regarding descriptive ethics, it consists of biological ethical approaches anchored upon the role of evolution in determining human behaviour and psychology. Darwinism ethics is based on the scientific aspects of ethology, socio-biology and psychology with a focus on explaining and understanding preferences of ethics or choices (Lillehammer, 2010). On the other hand, normative ethics of evolution depicts a more independent attempt to singlehandedly use evolution to justify ethics in a society. Descriptive evolutionary ethics delve on the beliefs and moral attitudes. The ethical underpinnings discussed on this ethical

Keeping Schools Safe During Tight Budget Times Essay

Keeping Schools Safe During Tight Budget Times - Essay Example Parents can be able to understand and forgive educators and stakeholders in the education sector if they fail in their performance, but they find it difficult to forgive if their children are hurt through accidents or incidents which could have been avoided through strategic management or planning. The media and attorneys, also support parents in their initiative. These groups advocate for educators to be proactive even during tough economic times and stringent financial times. In today’s post-Columbine era, school safety has brewed a potent storm that has seen a number of events threaten the progress and reforms made on security, school drug and violence prevention, and emergency and disaster preparedness. In July 1, 2010, the federal Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program was eliminated, and the U.S department of education for the financial year 2011 proposed a new school safety program. The Title IV segment of the program was eliminated despite its strong agitation for strategi es aimed at preventing drug and violence in schools. The new program proposed by the U. S department of education is shallow and fails to integrate the diverse programs that were incorporated in the Safe and Drug-Free Schools, which provided strategies to school for a decade (Trump, 1). A raging economic recession has seen cutbacks being imposed to local school budgets in an effort to channel finances to other areas that are deemed more strategic and intricate. The uncertainty of the future coupled with hasty decisions on school budget cuts may negatively impact future planning and accrue more costs. School leaders assume that the budget cuts on security, prevention, and other safety programs will be shifted to other agencies. Police, community based programs, and social service also face the same economic hard times. Moreover, education leaders and legislators have shifted their focus from school safety to performance, reforms, and meeting other state and federal expectations. Scho ol safety funding has been overridden by a focus on lobbying for academic funding and policy. In the long term, schools are most likely to face elimination of programs and staff involved in implementing school safety and prevention programs. Programs such as Youth Development Programs, Student Assistance Programs, and Professional Development Programs are will be adversely affected, as well as staff layoffs. These programs are crucial towards ensuring a safe and healthy environment. Staff reduction ultimately leads to student behavioral problems and increased security threats. This is highly because of the dramatic shift from a proactive approach to a reactive approach in school safety and prevention efforts. Consequently, the quality and quantity of services decline. This has been confirmed by a detailed report prepared by the Department of Education (Trump, 2). Schools are at the risk of declining awareness and disaster preparedness mainly because of a profound decrease in profess ional development programs. However, despite these impending damages, school leaders can keep their schools safe through implementing effective school safety communication channels within the institutions. Schools can create and update a safety Web page. This provides parents with tips and information on where to drop-off or pick-up their children. The page should have a link to the district’

Pornography & violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pornography & violence - Essay Example Based on various studies conducted in both clinical and experimental settings, exposure to media specifically films showing sexually violent acts against women has substantially augmented the likelihood of aggression by men. This may be attributed to the fact that such scenes convey the message that women find force and aggression during sex rather pleasurable. (Donnerstein, 1986) In this regard, these pornographic materials exhibiting violence may exert significant influence in how men perceive and treat women. As the media is deemed to facilitate the â€Å"copy cat† effect, I reckon that male viewers of smut materials become inclined to think that performing violent acts on women is cool or even normal. Thus, they become less restrained in committing aggression towards women. In addition, with the advent of the internet, these explicit materials become easily accessible to billions of people despite the efforts undertaken by censor bodies and concerned citizens. The perception that women are willing participants in sexually violent acts as well as the accessibility of violent pornography are the primary factors that may be expected to bring about the rise in the number of reported cases of violence against women. These place the women in our society at great risk. In view of the above, I believe that the elimination of violent pornography would be a crucial step in reducing violence against women. To address this, cooperation between government bodies and local communities must be sought. For instance, public institutions should strengthen their battle against pornographers, who proliferate sexually violent materials. This may be done not only by focusing administrative efforts on small-time smut producers but more so on the big-time pornographers. These government bodies should aim to effectively implement censorship rules in regulating the media and severely punish those who are found guilty of violating such rules. Moreover, the

History and Physical Examination Essay Example for Free

History and Physical Examination Essay Admitting Diagnosis: Stomatitis possibly methotrexate related. Chief Complaint: Swelling of lips causing difficulty swallowing. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: This patient is a 57-year-old Cuban woman with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis. She has received methotrexate on a weekly basis as an outpatient for many years. Approximately two weeks ago she developed a respiratory infection for which she received antibiotics and completed that course of antibiotics. She developed some ulcerations of her mouth and was instructed to discontinue the methotrexate approximately 10 days ago. She showed some initial improvement but over the last 3 to 5 days has had malaise, a low grade fever and severe oral ulcerations with difficulty in swallowing. Although she can drink liquids with less difficulty. Patient denies any other problems at this point except for a flare of arthritis since discontinuing the methotrexate. She has rather diffuse pain involving both small and large joints. This has caused her some anxiety. MEDICATIONS: 1. Prednisone 7.5 mg p.o. daily. 2. Estradiol 0.5 mg p.o. q.a.m. 3. Mobic 7.5 mg p.o. daily, recently discontinued because of questionable allergic reaction. 4. HCTZ 35 mg p.o. every other day and oral calcium supplements. 5. In the past she has been on penicillamine, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine but she has not had Azulfidine, cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil. ALLERGIES: None by history. FAMILY/SOCIAL HISTORY: None contributory. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: This is a chronically ill appearing female alert oriented and cooperative. She moved with great difficulty because of fatigue and malaise. VITAL SIGNS: Blood pressure 107/80. Heart rate 100 and regular. Respirations 22. HEENT: Normocephalic, no scalp lesions, dry eyes with conjunctival injection, mild exophthalmos, dry nasal mucosa, marked  cracking and bleeding of her lips with erosions of the mucosa. She has a large ulceration of the mucosa at the bite margin on the left. She has some scattered ulcerations on her hard and soft palate. She has difficulty opening her mouth because of pain. Tonsils not enlarged. No visible exudate. SKIN: She has some mild ecchymosis on her skin and some erythema. She has patches but no obvious skin breakdown. She has some fissuring in thebuttocks crease. PULMONARY: Clear to percussion and auscultation bilaterally. CARDIOVASCULAR: No murmurs or gallops noted. ABDOMIN: Soft, non-tender, protuberant, no organomegaly and positive bowel sounds. NEUROLOGIC: Cranial nerves 2 through 12 are grossly intact. Diffuse hyporeflexia. MUSCULOSKELETAL: Corrosive destructive changes in the elbows, wrists and hands consistent with rheumatoid arthritis. Has bilateral total knee replacements with stove pipe legs and perimalleolar pitting edema 1+. I feel no pulses distally in either leg. PHYCIATRIC: Patient is a little anxious about these new symptoms and theyre significance. We discussed her situation and I offered her psychological services. She refused for now. PROBLEMS: 1. Swelling of lips and dysphasia with questionable early Stevens-Johnson syndrome. 2. Rheumatoid arthritis class 3, stage 4. 3. Flare of arthritis after discontinuing methotrexate. 4. Osteoporosis with compression fracture. 5. Mild dehydration. 6. Nephrolithiasis 7. Anxiety PLAN: 1. Admit patient for IV hydration and treatment of oral ulcerations. 2. Obtain a dermatology consult.  3. IV leucovorin will be started and the patient will be put on high dose corticosteroids. 4. Considering patients anxiety perhaps obtain services of Stella Rose Dickinson PHD phycology at a later date.

Exam Topics Home Ownership, Neighborhood Essay Example for Free

Exam Topics Home Ownership, Neighborhood Essay Home ownership Home ownership is one of the definitions of success in America. Generally people are judged by the houses they live in. It is not only the size and architecture of the house but also the type of neighborhood and the distance from different amenities. The progress in buying a house of ones own was steady from the 1930s right up to 2000. By 2000 69,8 million Americans lived in their own homes. But then the steady growth stopped and started falling back. By the end of the eighties the home-ownership rate had declined to 63,4 percent. Why did this happen? The basic reason for the turnaround is simply that home ownership, which was never cheap, has gotten more and more expensive. The reasons are follows. Ownership costs are increasing more than income. Cash down payments are out of any proportion as compared to what they were twenty years ago. Monthly principal (mortgage) and interes payments for a medium house are soared. Prices for homes are so inflated, particularly in good and safe neighborhoods, that tthey are beyond most peoples budget. Life-style changes are also influencing the home-ownership rate. There are more singles and childless couples who are unwilling to commit themselves to a mortgage. Steady home prices and a strong market formerly contributed to mobility, but owners can now find themselves immobilized by deflated but still expensive housing that can take a year or more to sell. Home ownership is becoming a thing of the past. Some experts predict that builders will eventually move toward smaller, more moderately priced housing demanded by many people. Owning is still far less risky than renting, since costs can be fixed with a long-term mortgage. Besides, the underlying desire to be your own boss is deeply ingrained in the American consciousness. Neighborhood Neighborhoods are an important element of the setting for a house. They may be steady or not, friendly or not, clean or not, safe or not. The list of qualifying adjectives can be endless. And still you must live with it if you have a house in this neighborhood. The ethnic origin and economic status of the people who live in the neighborhood often define it. Few neighborhoods today are static. They are constantly changing: people of different ethnic groups and economic status are beginning to live together in the same  neighborhoods. Many young professionals (doctors, lawyers, academics, etc.) move into traditionally poor neighborhoods because they can find larger and less expensive housing there. These young professionals often have money and power and they cause changes in the character of the neighborhood. This process is called gentrification. It then becomes too expensive for the poor residents and they move on. This is a way a poor, unfashionable inner city neighborhood may change into a very expensive area in the course of several years. The atmosphere of neighborhoods is also changing. Formerly one could always borrow a couple of eggs or a ladder from the friend next door. But their family has moved, and the people in there now are strangers. Some of the old sentimentality of neighborhoodliness has receded. There is no reason to have friendly ties with the people who live next door to you just because they happened to wander into a real estate office that listed the place next door to yours. The only thing neighbors have in common to begin with is proximity, and unless something more develops, that isnt reason enough to be best friends. It sometimes happens naturally, but the chances are very small that you neighbors will be your choice as friends. The best relationship with neighbors is one of friendly distance. You say hello, you make small-talk if you see them in the yard, you help each other in emergency. It is easier to produce nostalgia about a neighborhood than about a community, but a community is probably a better unit. A neighborhood is just a bunch of individuals who live in proximity, but a community is a group of people who rise above their individual limitations to get some things done for the public. The American Civil War The American Civil War, also known as the War between the States or simply the Civil War, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the United States (the Union or the North) and several Southern slave states that had declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy or the South). The war had its origin in the fractious issue of slavery, and, after four years of bloody combat (mostly in the South), the Confederacy was defeated, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring unity and guaranteeing rights to the freed slaves began. In the presidential election of 1860, Republicans  led by Abraham Lincoln opposed expanding slavery into the territories. Lincoln won but before his inauguration on March 4, 1861, seven cotton-based slave states formed the Confederacy. Outgoing Democrat James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected the legality of secession. Lincoln’s inaugural address insisted his adm inistration would not initiate civil war, leading eight remaining slave states to reject immediate calls for secession. A Peace Conference failed to find a compromise. Both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that Europe was so dependent on King Cotton for its industry that they would intervene; none did and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, a key fort held by Union troops in South Carolina. Lincoln called for the creation of an army to retake it; meanwhile, four border slave states joined the Confederacy, bringing their total to eleven. The Union soon controlled the Border States and established a naval blockade that crippled the southern economy. The Eastern Theater was inconclusive in 1861–62. The fall 1862 Confederate campaign into Maryland ended at the Battle of Antietam, dissuading British intervention. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, and the Union at Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lee’s Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg. Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grant command of all Union armies in 1864. In the Western Theater William T. Sherman drove east to capture Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate infrastructure along the way. The Union marshaled the resources and manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, and could afford to fight battles of attrition through the Overland Campaign towards Richmond. The defending Confederate army failed leading to Lees surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and food supplies all foreshadowed World War I. It remains the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 750,000 soldiers  and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. Historian John Huddleston estimates the death toll at ten percent of all Northern males 20–45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18–40. Reconstruction. Ku-Klux-Klan Reconstruction of the Union held many promises. Black men and women in the South could move to their new home in Florida. Black refugees quickly poured into these lands. By 1865 40 thousand freedmen were living in their new home. But the opposition to the Reconstruction in the South steadily grew. In 1869 the Ku-Klux-Klan added organized violence to the whites resistance. Despite federal efforts to protect them, black people were intimidated at the polls, robbed of their earnings, beaten or murdered. By the early 1870s the failure of the Reconstruction was apparent. The Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 called for new governments in the South; it barred from political office those Confederate leaders who were listed in the Fourteenth Amendment. But the law required no redistribution of land and guaranteed no basic changes in southern social standards. Terrorism against blacks was widening. Nighttime visits, whippings, beatings, and murder became common. In time, however, the Klans purpose became not only economic (to keep the slaves) but also openly political and social. Klansmen also attacked white Republicans and school teachers who were aiding the freemen. Then in 1871 the actions of KKK moved Congress to pass two acts directed against the KKKs violence. These acts permitted the use of martial law, but they were unsuccessful in combatting the Klans activities. The Klans terror frightened many voters and weakened local party organization, but it did not stop Reconstruction. Throughout the South conventions met and drafted new constitutions. New governments were set up, and Republicans won majorities nearly everywhere. After 1877 thousands of blacks gathered up their possessions and migrated to Kansas. They were disappointed people who were searching for their share in the American Dream.

Construction Industry In India | Profile

Construction Industry In India | Profile The present study reports profile of construction industry in India. It points that construction industry is one of the oldest industries providing ample employment to the people from village level to metropolitan cities. The size of construction industry ranges from small company owned by one or two individuals to a large industry employing thousands of people. In the present work inherent nature of construction industry have been discussed and concluded that it is infrastructure or capital formation industry, which directly and indirectly uses capital goods and all other types of resources. It has been also highlighted that government agencies has direct interference in construction activity right from acquisition of land to commissioning of the project. To face the temporal variation of feast and famine state of construction industry emphasis on systematized management has been suggested. Like any other business, failure of construction companies is also very common. This issue has also been overviewed. Incompetence, lack of experience, newness, smallness and financial handicap are the few reasons cited for such failures. It has been concluded that lessons should be learnt from failures as success is never final and failure is never fatal. It is the courage of management that counts. At last it is not failure but low aim is a crime. Key words: Construction industry, management, project, cost, infrastructure. 1. Introduction: Historically construction industry is one of the oldest and largest industry in unorganised sector providing ample employment to the people. Before the independence, the construction activity in India was confined to building of dwellings, religious places like mosques and temples etc. at individual and community level, with the use of traditional techniques, which are still being used in developing countries like India. The Taj Mahal and Lal Quila are the legandry example of competence of Indian talent in the field of construction .However very authentic record of the construction operation of these buildings are not available today. The history of systematised or organised construction practice in India can be traced back to around 1847 AD when Lord Dalhouise established the Public Works Department, called PWD, today, to construct civil engineering structure which included road, small dams, canals etc. The department worked successfully for 100 years. In 1947, the independent India decided to launch a mammoth multipurpose river valley project, called Bhakhra Nangal Project on the river Sutlej in the North West India for irrigation and power generation at a cost of Rs.7750 lakhs in 1952 which amounts today approximately more than Rs.100,000 crore in first five year plan in which 50% of capital outlay was allotted to construction of civil works.[5] The construction of Bhakhra Dam was taken by irrigat ion wing of PWD of Punjab with the help of technical knowhow from foreign help on cost plus basis. This can be considered as a major breakthrough in the field of construction by India as there were no big construction companies available at that time to take up such stupendous job and more over network analysis like Construction Planning Method / also known as Critical Path Method (CPM) and Programme Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) had not taken formal shape. The evolution of Indian construction industry has followed the same general pattern as happened in other countries, initially founded by the government and slowly taken over by small and big enterprises. During execution of Bhakra Nangal dam Indian government realised need of professional competence in the field of construction and the first professional consultancy company National Industrial Development Corporation (N I D C) was established in the public sector in 1954 .Subsequently a number of speciality companies in design and Construction came into existence like Indian Railways Construction Limited (IRCON),National Building Construction Corporation (N B C C),Rail India Transport and Engineering Services (R I T E S),Engineers India Limited(E I L) and in private M N Dastur Co.Hindustan Construction Company are the name worth to be mentioned. In late sixties government allowed foreign collaborations in these services .The guidelines for such collaboration were prepared and issued in 1968 with binding that local consultant would be the principal contractor in such collaborations .The objective behind such binding was to develop indigenous design capabilities comparable to in flown foreign technology and skills. The outcome of this strategy was establishment of joint ventures in India. 2. Construction and National Economy: By just using common sense it can be inferred that economic plans of any country is prepared to improve any particular sector of economy. Improvement or emphasis on any particular sector may or may not need help of other sectors like construction. A microscopic study of economy, irrespective of its state i.e. primary, secondary or tertiary, reveals that development of most of the sectors need help of construction. In nutshell, a gap between demand and supply is necessary for the development of a particular sector. Role of construction and its impact on other area can be seen from Figure 1.1 Thus it can be said that any attention to optimise construction activity will lead to reduction in waste of material, saving of energy and saving of time. This will certainly lead to reduction in cost over runs of other projects. Thus, construction sector is directly or indirectly influences the overall economy of the country. The pattern of Indian economy of last fifty years shows that construction work amounts to around 40% of development investment .Approximately 16% of Indian working population depends on construction for its living .The construction industry creates immobile assets worth over Rs.20000 crore by employing more than 3 crore people .It enhances nations GDP by 5% and gross capital formation of 78%.It is expected that total capital expenditure of state and centre will be approaching Rs.802087 crores during the period 2011-12. This amount indicates an enhancement of Rs.658500 crore from the figure of Rs. 143587 in 1999-2000.In the 21st century there has been an increase in the share of the construction sector in GDP and capital formation .The GDP from construction at factore cost or at current prices increased to Rs. 174571 crores (12.02 % of the total GDP)in 2004 -05 from Rs.16238 crores (10.39% of the total GDP in period 2000-01.The increasing involvement of the private sector in infrastru cture development through public private partnership and the strategy like Build Own Transfer (BOT) can be cited as the main factor for such increase in GDP. However there is always scope for more active participation from private sector in this direction through investment. There are around 200 firms from corporate sector, working in Indian construction industry .The number of registered class A contractors is around 120000 working for local development authority, state departments and central government bodies like CPWD. The number of small contractors and petty contractors working as sub contractors for principal contractors are enormous. So there is ample scope for expansion of construction industry at micro as well as at macro level in form of infrastructure development. NATIONAL ECONOMY Construction industry has some peculiar characteristics like any other industry. Firstly, it is a capital-intensive industry involving current and future outlays of funds with the expectation of a stream of benefits extending far into the future. Secondly, construction project takes a long duration to complete e.g. the Bhakra Dam took fifteen years for its completion (1950-1965) and they also have a long gestation period. Thirdly, the useful life of construction project of national importance is very long usually more than 60 years for most of the major constructions. Fourthly, in construction project, products and services are combined together. In construction, product is fixed and machine and men move, contrary to assembly line production in which product moves. Fifthly, a large construction needs a large land area. Acquisition of such land leads to payment of compensation to the owners of the land, which has legal and political over tones. In some cases like construction of dam, it needs rehabilitation of nearby villages. Such problems usually do not occur with the other industries. Sixthly, cost benefit analysis of public infrastructure created by construction activity such as roads, bridges and dams cannot be done with traditional concept of profit maximisation alone. Special economic tools like Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBA) and principles of welfare economics are essential for the valuation of such assets. Seventhly, two construction projects are not identical in every respect. Thus, construction project can be considered as a job work of a large magnitude contrary to any other manufacturing unit producing products at mass scale by a single machine. Eighthly, the human resource working in construction forms a temporary organisation for the project at the site and disperses in different directions as soon as the project is over. Ninthly, experience of generations plays a vital role as most of the construction material directly used after quarrying are the natural material and performance or relative merit of such material takes a long time for its pronouncement, the time may be in decades. Tenthly, death of workers during the execution phase of project is very common, so safety and precaution are primary concerns. Such peculiar characteristics of construction project opened the portals for the development of special managerial tools, like materials management, CPM and PERT to handle the project in a professional manner. In India, construction industry is fragmented and a sizeable construction work is performed by the unorganised sector. Such peculiar characteristic creates favourable conditions for the establishment of a new company. If Construction Company is weighed on the basis of men; material and money following facts come up. As most of the construction is done either on site or precast members, are fabricated and assembled on the site and most of the construction equipment are available on rental basis, thus a little capital is invested in fixed assets and machinery. Construction companies require relatively low working capital as after award of contract, company realises mobilisation advance from owner before starting the work. In India, companies, usually employ labour contractor for the supply of labour force. So very few employees are on the permanent pay roll of the company. These factors are responsible for the birth of small to very big construction companies. This introduces competition in the market. There are pitfalls but a professionally managed construction company is able to pay rich dividend to its owners/shareholders. 3. Constructions and National Development: For any developing country like India, development of infrastructure is the prerequisite for the economic progress of the country. To achieve this objective optimised construction is the need of the hour as capital is a scarce resource 4. Types of Construction: Total construction work can be divided into two broad categories viz. public and private. The public projects i.e. whose direct beneficiary will be the public, is usually handled by the government, of course govt. get it done by any contractor or by construction company by awarding the work through bids and tenders. It is public money or any financial aid or loan from agencies like World Bank, that is spent. Dams, Bridges, Canals, Metro Rail, Power Projects, DUDA,SUDA are typical examples of public projects. Private projects like house of an individual or construction of a factory, a nursing home, hotel or project in which taxpayers money is not involved can be categorised as a private project. Frankly speaking profit motive is always there in most of the private projects. In private projects, capital outlays are less as compared to public projects. Secondly in Indian working environment one cannot afford delay in private projects but cost over runs and delays in public projects are an everyday phenomenon in India. 5. Consumers of Construction Industry: Following are the consumers of construction industry: An Individual Group Housing Societies Centre, State, Local Government and Development Authorities. Corporate Sector Other countries at International level. Every consumer has own peculiar requirements, which are being described in following paragraphs. 5.1 Individuals: An individual needs the services of a construction company for the construction of individual house, which is ordinarily his dream house. In such construction, company cannot ignore individual taste and preferences. Persons who are executing the project have to help and arrive at a decision in advance on the item of choice and colour e.g. colour and size of tile of bathroom, colour, size and quarry of marble stone etc. if construction has to proceed smoothly. 5.2 Group Housing Societies: The housing demand will be around 31 million by 2015(MPRA 2008)In planning and designing of an apartment or building blocks for group housing society, the requirement can be classified into two broad categories. [13] First requirement is of an individual in his house. In a group housing most of the finishing items are left for the individual occupant so he could finish the house as per his choice, taste and preferences. Second requirement is the preferences of a group of people as a whole or community. requirement. To fulfil this requirement planner needs knowledge of architectural sociology, human behaviour, security aspect, and maintenance engineering practices, generosity of the people and cooperation among the people. 5.3 Corporate Sector: Corporate sector hires the services of Construction Company for commercial building, for factory or for office building etc. In such buildings, building economics, cost optimization, requirement of  future expansion and flexibility of the plan are the key issues.There is ample scope for creativity and innovation in corporate sector projects. 5.4 Government Construction: Local Development Authorities, CPWD, PWD of various states etc are the department which look after the construction of government sponsored, civil engineering works. Here Construction Company is guided by strict rules and regulations of the state, for such departments, time factor is least important. 5.5 International Contract: After the Second World War under developed, oil-rich countries were busy in creating infrastructure of the country to boost economic growth. Sometimes even developed countries need huge construction for the events like Olympic and Asian games. These projects are mostly financed by the user country or by some international financing agency like World Bank. In such cases international bids are invited. Construction companies from US, Great Britain, West Germany and France usually take the best part of these contracts. Now competition is increasing. Companies from Japan, South Korea and India are also getting business share in these countries in construction and in setting up of power stations and infrastructure. Those companies who offer turnkey services have bright chances of success in the competition when the nature of job is purely works contract. Here sub contractor is capable of mobilising construction equipments and manpower and gets subcontracts from principal contractor. Joint venture is a very common phenomenon in international contracts. 6. Main Organs of Construction Industry: There are three main organs of construction industry other than the consumer. The Owner The Consultant The Contractor 6.1 The Owner: Civil Engineering Projects are usually cost intensive. Usually the investor does feasibility study in advance. Any investor or promoter is worried about two things. Firstly investor is worried about the rate of return. Secondly the patterns of cash flow. The ideal situation will be high and early return. i.e. on what date what amount is required and from where the same will be arranged. The owner or promoter may be an individual, a government authority, a government department, a corporate house etc. 6.2 The Consultant: In Civil Engineering Projects, Architect, Engineer, Project Manager and Chartered Accountant usually form the panel of consultants. These persons advise the owner on the basis of their knowledge, experience, and know how. It is generally believed that any person who has experience and knowledge can give advice on a particular problem of his field. The basic function of an engineer is to design and do necessary permutation and combination to optimise the solution. Although consultant should have experience, knowledge and wisdom that all certainly come with age but people who are well versed with new material, new technology, new equipment and of course having a lot of energy and enthusiasm to do something new are also desirable on the project. 6.3 The Contractor: In Civil Engineering Project, contractor translates the blue print into reality with the help of work force and material. The practice of contractor ship in civil engineering is perhaps as old as civil engineering itself. A poorly written contract agreement is always a good cause of bone of contention. In contracts, one should always seek the help of a legal expert. This is imperative that owner himself should enhance his knowledge on the subjects like laws of contract, negotiable instrument act and consumer protection act etc. 7. Regulatory Bodies Related with Construction: Regulatory bodies related with any business can be classified into two broad categories viz. general and specific. Income Tax, Labour Court, Labour Union, Electricity Board are the departments with which every business organization has to deal, fall in general category. So every business organization should be well versed with the rules, regulation ,written and unwritten laws of these departments. The regulatory bodies specific to construction at local level are following: (1) Local Development Authority, (2) Pollution Control Board, (3) Water Works and Conservancy, (4) Local Police. 7.1 Local Development Authority: It is the first regulatory body, which is encountered in any construction. Most of the rules, regulations and byelaws of development authorities of province of Uttar Pradesh are given in the book Regulation of Building Operation in Uttar Pradesh. This very book every construction manager should have and should always keep himself in touch with the office of the development authority for the awareness of day-to-day changes in the working and rules and regulation of the authority. In fact, rules, regulation and bye laws are framed to provide healthy living but sometimes these laws are one sided i.e. in favour of government only. Thus, it is advisable that rules should not be violated in ordinary circumstances. However, there is always a provision for the compounding. This is to be weighed by the owners i.e. gain or loss on an unauthorised construction. 7.2 Pollution Control Board (PCB): Now a days regulation regarding environmental pollution have become very stringent in India to, like in advanced countries. Sometimes large projects like construction of power plant, multipurpose river valley project are stopped or even abandoned due to environmental considerations. Most common projects that have been in trouble in the recent past include Tehri Dam in Uttranchal and Narmada in Madhya Pradesh. Clearance from PCB is also necessary for construction of a factory or fabrication of a processing plant. The days are over when effluents were directly discharged into the river. There is no harm in conforming to PCB norms but sometimes these regulations are difficult to obey and PCB acts as a hassle. Planners are advised to incorporate PCB recommendation right from site selection to project formulation. 7.3 Water Works and Conservancy: If construction is to be done in urban area then very first question comes to mind is what will be the source of water during construction. If municipal water supply is used , municipality charges additional tariff on it. So it is advisable that first and foremost job of construction manager is to get a water pump installed and inform the municipality that public water is not being used for construction. The second thing in case of projects like hotel and apartment is the disposal of wastewater and night soil. It is obligatory upon liaison officer of the construction company or construction manager to initiate the issue for the permission of connection of sewer of the building to the municipal sewer. 7.4 Local Police: Local police plays an important role in any construction project in India because development authorities always take the help of police to meet their objectives or in case of mishappening on the site local police has to be taken into confidence. It is obligatory on the part of construction manager to maintain good relations with local police station and police officers of that area. Of course maintenance of such relations, always lead to additional expenditure on the construction company. 8. Business Opportunity in Construction Industry: Construction of infrastructure like road network, canals, urban development, extension and renovation of existing facility are few activities through which capital formation takes place in most of the countries of the world. So there is always ample opportunity for construction from village level to international level for the construction companies, depending upon size and ability and experience of the company. 9. Management in Construction: Based on work experience, it has been observed that most of the construction contractors manage their business in a very unorganised manner. This ultimately leads to failure of business. The numbers of small and medium size companies failures are much more. Construction industry has been characterized as weak inefficient, nebulous, backward and slow to incorporate changing conditions. In a nutshell majority of construction companies are poor absorber of management knowledge. The explanation given for it may be as under. Every construction project is unique in itself and does not need very strict technical standardization. An operation in construction work involves many skills and talent, mostly of non-repetitive nature. Remote location of the project, poor means of transportation and varying productivity of labour are some factors, which are beyond the contractors control. Thus construction business is volatile in nature with many ups and downs. Any construction activity is basically a manufacturing process. So the decision-making people are very few. Any delay in on the spot decisions, increases the cost and hampers the progress of construction. Such complexities lead to a managerial challenge. It does not mean management problems of construction are entirely different from other management problems. Like any other industry, construction industry is also experiencing cutthroat competition. Products and services of construction industry also face temporal variation in demand and supply. Such conditions necessitate the learning of managerial practice specific to construction. Today skilled management is necessary for the survival of construction industry. This maxim has not received adequate attention in construction firms in India. The result is high incidence of failure. 10. Failures of Construction Company: Any construction activity starts from scratch and passes through various intricate processes and finally project ends in a built up facility or reaches to start up phase of the project and finally project becomes operational. Like other business in construction business also ,there are many slips between cup and lip. The failure of construction business is a subject of analytical inquiry and a matter of concern. So many investigators have examined the issue. A few are being reported here. Dun Bradstreet (1985-1994) have studied the failure of Construction Company for many years (10 years). They list the following reasons for the failures.[1] Incompetence Unbalanced experience Lack of managerial experience Lack of experience in particular line Neglect Fraud Disaster Reasons unknown The first four items listed in above list account for over 90 percent of the failures. This fact exhibits that financial success of Construction Company depends almost entirely upon the quality of its management. Sometimes prolonged work, poor profit margin, lack of proper accounting procedure can be cited as reason for the failure. If we club all these reasons, it points towards poor management. Recently Kale and Arditi (1998) have done a thorough investigation in this direction. They conclude that newness, adolescence and smallness are three major factors, which are responsible for failure of construction companies.[2] Arditi et.al.(2000) found budgetary and macroeconomic issues as main reason. [8] Kivrak and Arslan(2008) have examined the critical factors causing the failure of construction companies through a survey conducted on forty medium and small size construction companies of Turkey .They have inferred lack of experience and countrys economic condition as influential factor for the failure.[7] In scholars opinion financial handicap is perhaps the root cause of failure, which is always associated with new companies. It may be concluded that in simple terms, if any one fails in any business, i.e. he could not understand the economics or intricacies or commerce of that business. There is no dearth of literature on the success stories of various companies. Unfortunately success is a public celebration and failure is a private funeral. So for a new entrepreneur, it is better to learn from failures rather than from success stories. In this regard scholar is of the view that foundation of right stepping stone always rests on wrong footprints. These wrong footprints are sometimes called experience. In a nutshell a new entrepreneur should know DONTS first rather than DOS. It is the first step to run the construction business. 11. The Construction Managers: The construction manager is the most critical resource in implementation phase of the project. He is supposed to discharge basic functions like organizing, staffing, directing, planning and controlling. A good performance of construction manager is necessary for the growth, development and success of Construction Company. Although the managers do not normally, carry out the construction work with their own hand, Yet they are responsible for keeping the project on schedule within the cost limits. They should have telescopic as well as microscopic vision on each and every step of construction operation, right from preliminary estimates and various types of costs to the final inspection and payment. In managing any construction project, personality of construction manager plays a vital role. This very trait can never be ignored. Mustapha and Naoum (1998) have investigated factors, which influence effectiveness of site managers. They are of strong opinion that personal variables as a whole have an impact on effectiveness of site managers.[4] The construction manager should also be capable of handling crisis and contingencies at site. Crisis and contingency do arise at construction site. Managers should be well equipped to deal with such emergencies. To deal with such contingencies collective effort is needed. Loosemore (1998) has identified effective responsibility and teamwork is the basic managerial tool to handle the crisis. 12. Need for Professional Competence: If a company or contractor is ignorant about his legal rights, entitlements and not vigilant, he will get partial success and will have to be contented with few chips of fruit produced by his hard labour and larger chunk will go to the owner who will seldom volunteer a helping hand. So there is an intense need to instil competence in the management of this valued industry. Introducing a comprehensive course of study, containing all the relevant aspects of construction management and by writing good books and doing research work, covering all aspects of the problem, can fill this gap. Since construction activities are carried out mostly at the construction site, which are usually far flung from main cities, the academician/authors, and the faculty may not be aware of the practical difficulties and nuances of construction management. These might be the reason that construction management has not received due place in the institutes, universities, colleges and in many management books. 13. Application of present paper: This research work will be useful to individual owner, consultant and contractor as well. If a young entrepreneur decides to enter in construction business he is being told in advance about the pros and cons of construction industry. If he plans his business and manages the construction work himself, by employing his own construction team and purchasing the material himself, he will certainly flourish. If the entrepreneur who is conversant with the nuances of construction management practice, can extract maximum from the contractor by applying the knowledge discussed herein, with not much difficulty and solving their problem in time without being deceived or cheated by any one. Consultants can use the present work for optimising the project during conception, definition and planning phase of the project. At last the maximum benefited is the contractor who feels the beat (profit) of the heart of construction project i.e. construction phase. 14. Conclusion Today, due to increased competition and the capital, which is scarce, large constructions like metro rail, infrastructure development, high-rise building cannot be handled without the use of modern construction equipment and modern construction management techniques to reduce time and to maintain higher standards of construction quality. On one hand, it is necessary to use modern machinery and latest construction management tools to optimise the construction activity to improve the physical productivity of fixed and variable factors of production. It does not mean that will leave thousands of labourers and other human resource jobless. It is an irrational thinking as it is well said that tomorrow will take its own course. Meticulous management of the finances is necessary for the exponential growth of the company. At last any productive activity serves the society so is with the construction activity. In broader sense every individual of the country will get benefit of increased productivity directly or indirectly through the created individual assets or public infrastructure.

Pizza: A Brief Historical Overview and American Culture Essay

2005 will mark the 100-year anniversary of the first pizzeria in America. Americans eat approximately 100 acres of pizza each day, which is about 350 slices per second. According to an American Dairy Association random sampling survey, pizza is America’s fourth most craved food behind cheese, chocolate, and ice cream. American’s obviously love pizza; we have even designated the month of October as National Pizza Month. But whether you bake your pizza in your kitchen oven, in a wood-burning stove, eat it in a restaurant, or choose delivery, there is no denying this phenomenon has become as American as apple pie. Although we love our modern-day version pizza pie, where did it all begin? In my research, I found several opinions of the origin, but there is a consensus that this baked goodness is over one thousand years old. Ed Behr of Art of Eating newsletter states, â€Å"The written record of the word pizza, in the sense of foccacia, goes back to the Codex Cajetanus of the year 997.† And there is speculation that even Plato spoke of pizza in his Republic: â€Å"They will provide from their barley and flour from their wheat and kneading and cook these†¦ they (the cakes) will also have relishes – salt†¦ and of olives and cheese; and onions and greens.† Although this is probably not the case, it is interesting to imagine one of our great minds of history philosophizing about something so miniscule. Behr continues to suggest that â€Å"pizza is an alternation of the Greek word pitta, which was int...

Value of Teamwork Essay -- Service Teams

As with all of life, there are two basic approaches to business: First, one can decide to set out on his own to make his fortune and second one can develop and build a team to get the job done. There is a simple, yet powerful, acronym to help one remember the importance of teamwork; (TEAM) Together Everyone Achieves More. There are those who, in this age of bureaucracy and â€Å"red tape,† might feel as though being part of a group means giving up control of their projects – leaving them feeling a little like they would have been better off without team membership. Inevitably, however, one comes to the realization that he cannot survive alone as â€Å"no man is an island.† These individuals soon are left to consider that the concept of a team effort producing exponential results has led to farmers yoking together â€Å"teams† of oxen and horses, has led to ever increasing amounts of â€Å"horsepower† in mechanical engines, and so is nothing new. Wit h the idea of being able to take on otherwise insurmountable tasks, there is definitely something to be said about the pride of accomplishment that can only come through the efforts of teamwork. While the general concept of teams and teamwork remain unchanged, the purpose and makeup of teams has changed, rather than a group of employees in a room getting together the 21st century teams are becoming more frequently geographically dispersed teams (GDT) that are required to work from very diverse locations within the country and even around the globe (Sole & Edmondson, 2002). Of course, as with any team or organization intent on actually accomplishing anything there needs to be a map or direction, this is usually found in the Mission and Vision statements†¦ but then even if you are on the right track, the tr... ...y. When these values, norms and guidelines are followed, the team will become an efficient and successful one. The process may be slow in the beginning, but once the team understands and cooperates with each other, anything can be achieved. Every team member should become committed to the success of the team and not worry about individual pain or difficulties. If these norms and guidelines are put into practice, any amount of work becomes an easy task. â€Å"Two are better than one; because they have a good reward for their labor. For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow: but woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up. Again, if two lie together, then they have heat: but how can one be warm alone? And if one prevails against him, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken.† – Ecclesiastes 4: 9-12.

The Relevance Today of A Jury of Her Peers Essay -- A Jury of Her Peer

In "A Jury of Her Peers," Susan Glaspell illustrates many social standards women experienced at the turn of the century. She allows the reader to see how a woman's life was completely ruled by social laws, and thus by her husband. Glaspell also reveals the ignorance of the men in the story, in particular the sheriff and the county attorney. I think some examples are rather extreme, but in Glaspell's day, they would have probably been common. Women did not have many rights at the turn of the century. What few rights and freedoms they did have were dominated by social standards. They were expected to cater to their husbands' wishes and commands. I think their society oppressed them more often than their own husbands did. A good example of this in "A Jury of Her Peers" is Martha Hale. Lewis Hale treats his wife as an equal privately, but does not treat her as an equal in public. When Mrs. Hale attempts to interrupt her husband as he tells the county attorney what he experienced in the Wright household she does not treat him as a master, but as an equal (Glaspell 260). Clearly she is not afraid of him. Many women at this time would have never even attempted to distract or interrupt their husband while they talked. Clearly defined gender roles are prevalent throughout "A Jury of Her Peers." Men are supposed to work outside of the home, and women are supposed to work inside the home. Neither the men nor the women seem to appreciate the other's wo...

Internship

They basically wants to ensure that HASH branches which are in the right locations for their customers and on occasions this means that they need to close those branches where customers foot fall has fallen dramatically or there has been a shift in customer shopping patterns. And also raise the transaction cost from E to E. 0 In he name of the new fees were part of a providing â€Å"clearer and more transparent pricing. † The bank also said behind of cost cutting bank want to switching to be ‘hassle-free' , standard IS- turn on free accounts and free banking claim is ‘ridiculous'. They also said the closures branches were a result of customers using the branch network less than they used to â€Å"we are seeing a shift to customers using phone, Internet and mobile devices. † For this kind of reasons the HASH cope with cost cutting Q. 2. The Impacts of cost cutting on overall Financial Performance of HASH (comparison with past year)?Answer: For the Impacts of cost cutting they have closed about 70 branches in the I-J last year and more than 50 in 2011 and in 2013, 9 branches has been closed and declared with 85 closures in UK towns and cities so far this year. The bank has closed more than 200 branches in the I-J over the last three years and Derek French, of the campaign for community banking services, expressed some surprise at Hash's plans â€Å"These figures suggest that after a pause, they are now galloping ahead with closures, as in previous years. † It is thought a further 20 closure announcements will e made before October.When the branches of HASH at Alongside Penumbras and Conway- which is the only bank in the town with a cash machine are due to closed in February, 2013. Town leaders criticized the decision and called for the bank to reconsider the closing branches. Some of their state PM And Alongside the town mayor Bob Label said the closure was â€Å"terrible news† for residents, business and tourists. And he E xplained the impacts over economy by saying â€Å"l am very surprised by what the bank is claiming about the economic viability of Alongside branch in IEEE of the huge number of tourists who visit our town, especially during the summer months. So, all of them when the bank branches are closed their political members realized the regional economical condition is under threat. Also the impact on increase its charges for 700,000 small business customers, with many losing their free banking service. They said new fees were part of an overhaul of accounts aimed at providing â€Å"cleared, more transparent pricing. † Minimizing plan for cost cutting they increased fees of transaction as a result the small business customers is effected. They also said some customers would see their charges reduced.So called Free banking ‘Myth' the bank impose some extra charges on each small business transaction. The issue of â€Å"Free banking† system sparked controversy from last ye ar. Q. 3 The Benefits of cost cutting on the performance of HASH (I. E. NYSE and ELSE). The share pence of HASH (ELSE: HASH) (NYSE: HASH. US) fell by APP to IPPP dung early expectations. The 3% fall in its share price made it the leading loser among FETES 100 blue-chips. The bank reported profits of $22. Ban (EYE. Ban), compared with $20. Ban in 012, boosted by a range of cost-cutting measures.In total the bank made $1. Ban in savings by, among other things, reducing Jobs as well as cracking down on the number of staff taking business-class flights. The bank currently employs 254,000 full-time staff, down from 295,000 at the beginning of 2011. In total $4. Ban has been saved since 2011 , exceeding targets set by the bank. Revenue was stable, coming in at $63. Ban compared with $61. Ban in 2012, underpinned by a â€Å"resilient† performance in the global banking & markets business, as well as growth in the commercial banking division.Pay for chief executive Stuart Glover incre ased last year from $7. Mm to $mm while the bonus pool increased 6% to $3. Ban. The chief executive commented: â€Å"Our performance in 2013 reflects the strategic measures we have taken over the past three years. Today the Group is leaner and simpler than in 2011 with strong potential for growth. In 2013 we grew underlying profits by US$6. Ban, generated US $10. 1 ban in core tier 1 capital, achieved an additional IIS$I . Ban of sustainable cost- savings and declared IIS$9. Ban in dividends in respect of the year.Our strong capital generation continues to support our progressive dividend policy and reinforces Hash's status as one of the best capitalized banks in the world. † Earnings per share increased from app to app while the dividend was increased from app to app. Therefore, taking into account the hit to Hash's share price earlier, the shares may therefore trade on a PIE of 13 and offer a potential income of 4. 5% Of course, the decision to ‘buy' ? based on those ratings, today's results and the wider prospects for the banking sector ? remains your own decision. Internship Internship is an official program for the undergraduates or graduate students who work between certain periods of time which has a benefit to gain practical work or reason related experience. (www.internship.com, n.d.) In the other hand it is a way which helps to bridge the gap between â€Å"Academic† & the â€Å"Real† world. (Spring, 2011) And also internship can be defined as the opportunity provided for the students / undergraduates to link with the industry & upgrade the knowledge about industrial practices. This may become a practical and compulsory fulfilment of the degree program. Internship helps students to identify whether the career of interest is a â€Å"good fit† and also it will indicate the understanding about what career that suits you. In other words, internships can help you to decide if a particular career is something you're interested in or not. Internship program provides the opportunity for students to clarify career objectives and verify career choices. (Spring, 2011) Internships are a great way to prepare students for their future career. It gives them a deeper understanding of the path they want to take, and puts them in a situation in which they can learn first-hand what it feels like to work in their chosen Profession. Before University Students graduate they often need to complete the internship Program. (Carniol, 2018) Internships provide students with an opportunity to test abilities and attitudes toward particular material or career possibilities for the future. Students who has decided to participate in internship program can broaden their future career opportunities through networking ; establishing positive working relationship with their employers. These relationships can't build only through academics but, useful applications of the knowledge gained from the academics is a determinant for the real life career. (Spring, 2011) Students who took part in the applied learning of the internship had a greater consciousness about the issues in the society. (Seon-Young Lee) When the students have their own motivation for the community service through internship, personal growth can be increased greatly. (Wilson J. Gonzalez-Espada, November,2006) An Internship program involves different parties such as Students, employers/supervisors, program coordinators, sponsoring university ; the Government Authority related to the internships. Everyone involved in an internship program should have specified roles and responsibilities. (Jackel, December 2011) And also Internship Program Expectations are varying according to each parties that involved. A student expects an internship program should be stimulated intellectually and also it should be supported to enhance the skills needed for future employment. The program coordinators/departments expect that internship will be an opportunity for the students to apply classroom knowledge to the real-world setting. The employer/Company hopes the internship program partnership to be a path to determine hiring ; retaining talented students seeking permanent employment after the internship program. The university expects that an internship program will create a community partnership with a potential new employer, or to keep an existing partnership through productive and effective work done by university students which are interns.(Roger, 1979) Universities take a major role of in making internship program more appealing to and productive for the undergraduates by giving course credit for internships and also it is a way of facing the competition for the jobs. (Jackel, December 2011) General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University also has started providing internship opportunities for the day scholars since Intake 29. Upto now, Intake 29,30,31,32 ; 33 has already participated in their Internship Program. KDU has linked with National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority (NAITA) and introduced comprehensive internship program for the KDU undergraduates to bloom their talents with the industry. KDU moves undergraduates as interns and it is a partial fulfillment of the degree program that nearly go for 6 months Industrial Training and the most of the undergraduates work as permanent employees after the Industrial training. Sometimes, due to the involvement of NAITA, KDU can't control the overall process of the internship program. Therefore, KDU has to fulfill the requirements of NAITA such as Documents, Reports and Guidelines. We have conducted an exploratory study among KDU past undergraduates (Intake 31, 32, 33 -Logistics Management). According to the study we identified that the employment rate among the undergraduates have not achieved 100%. It means it may be personal reasons or the internship program has not supported for them. For example, some students may be faced some problems such as sexual Harassments or any other harassments from the company Supervisors during the internship program. Although the students want to quit the organization due to those reasons, students can't quit because of the NAITA requirements. So the students will suffer from stress. It means that the Internship program objectives couldn't be able to achieve as expected. That may be a practical problem of the internship program. And also there is a doubt whether the internship program has enabled the students to secure in the job market in the competitive environment. Although there are some researchers conducted in global context, There is no single research conducted in Sri Lankan Context and even in the KDU to measure and identify the student perspective affect for the internship program. So to overcome the issues and implement the changes, we conducted this research by finding the students' perspective of successful internship program. We took the population as the day scholars of KDU in Intake 31, 32;33 Logistics Management as follows; Population Intake 31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 52 Undergraduates Intake 32†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 71 Undergraduates Intake 33†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 55 Undergraduates Total population †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 178 Undergraduates We selected the sample size as 80 Undergraduates from the population. 1.2 Scope of the study The scope of this study is to give an understanding about factors that affecting for the successful internship program on students' perspective with special reference to undergraduate day scholars of Intake 31, 32, 33. It will be helpful to become success in the internship program. According to our conducted Exploratory study we identified that the employment rate among the undergraduates have not achieved 100%. So to overcome the issues and implement the changes, we are conducting this research by finding the students' perspective of successful internship program. Therefore, this study will beneficial for undergraduates who are willing to enter in to industrial training to develop their qualified characteristics. 1.3 Justification of the problems The internship program has designed by the involvement of administrative lecturers of the Faculty of Management and NAITA. So they are making the internship program according to their ideas and perspectives. Therefore, the lecturers' perspectives are different from students. But the benefits are gained by the undergraduates, so they have the ability to look closely at the internship whether it is useful or not. If the internship program is successful then it doesn't occur a problem, but if the internship program is not successful there should be a change. As there is no single research conducted in Sri Lankan context and even in the KDU to measure and identify the student perspective of internship program, we decided to do the research based on the internship program by considering the undergraduate day scholars of Intake 31, 32;33 Logistics Management, KDU. 1.4 Objectives of the study 1.4.1 Primary Objectives To examine the student perspective of the internship program. 1.4.2 Secondary Objectives To examine factors affecting on successfulness of internship program 1.5 Research Questions This study tries to answer following research questions. †¢ What are the student perspective of the internship program? †¢ What are the mostly influenced student perspectives of successful internship program? 1.6 Research Hypothesis H1: Skill Development, Self-confidence and Attitudes developed through Internship Program affect the success of Internship Program. H2: Academic Preparedness and Evaluation is positively associated with internship successfulness. s H3: Career Development is a factor which affect for the successfulness of the Internship Program. H4: Compensation of the Interns is a major factor for the Internship Successfulness. H5: Experiential Education developed through Internship Program affect the success of Internship Program. 1.7 Significance of the Study The significance of this study is to identify the factors affected on successful internship Program on the perspective of KDU students and to identify the requirements of business industries. Also, this will able to provide better understanding about industrial training to the undergraduates and this will help undergraduates to improve their performance in academic studies and extracurricular activities. To identify the student perspective of the internship program, we have conducted an exploratory study among KDU past undergraduates (Intake 31, 32, 33 -Logistics Management). According to study we identified the employment rate among the undergraduates have not achieved 100%. It means it may be personal reasons or the internship program has not supported properly. And also there is a doubt whether the internship program has enabled the students to secure in the job market in the competitive environment. If there are any changes to do for the internship p rogram we can identify and it will be helpful to do the implementation. That's the reason why we are doing this research. CHAPTER 02 Literature review 2.1 Introduction When we consider about the global context, there are some researches which have conducted regarding the factors affecting for the successful internship program. The competency and motivation of all parties involved are indispensable for a successful internship programs â€Å"Being a valuable component of higher education academic program, Internship is believed to create win-win situation for the students, organization as well as the university. (Coco, 2000).Therefore we can identify three perspectives which divide the factors affecting for a successful internship program according to the previous researches.Organizational Perspective (to take advantage from the intern offering a least compensation)University Perspective (to give a good internship program and secure the job)Student Perspective (To have a secured job and good compensation)Therefore, we discovered the following factors under the above three perspectives.Organizational Pers pectiveEffectiveness of the SupervisionTask clarityUniversity PerspectiveEffective Design of the Internship ProgramInvolvement of the University regarding the Evaluation of Internship ProgramStudent PerspectiveSkill Development, Self-confidence and AttitudesAcademic Preparedness and EvaluationCareer DevelopmentCompensationIndustry ExposureTherefore, we can describe and justify the factors with the reference to the previous researches. 1. Organizational Perspective Effectiveness of the Supervision The strategic role of supervisors may determine the internship experience is positive or not. Interns' perception of supervision effectiveness is significantly correlated with job placement success and overall job performance. (Gabris, October 31, 2009) Effective supervision during internship such as â€Å"being supportive, demonstrates high work standard and competence, provide frequent feedback, provides more opportunities for individuals to explore career interests and resolve conflicts† are very important. (Taylor, 1988). The support from the supervisor is a commitment to the employee by the organization. (Mowday, 1998).It means a supervisor is helpful to make the commitment of the employee by showing the interest and as a representer of communicating and valuing of him or her in the organization. (Dixon, 2005) From the above previous researches we can identify that the Effectiveness of supervision is positively associated with the successful internship program. Task clarity In the task Clarity it includes the task outputs such as task goals and standards and also task activities which mean by how work is accomplished. The organization expect that the certain goals and standards from the intern. They expect that the intern will fulfill his or her task in the organizational goals and achievements. (Sawyer, 1992). Sometimes, poor planning of work assignments caused frustration among interns. (Rothman, 2007) And also unclear roles contribute to stress and poor performance of the interns. (Kahn, 1964)Therefore, developing a proper job description, (Crumbley, 1998)), providing a reasonable time frame for accomplishing tasks of the intern and establishing a clear understanding of what is to be accomplished can be helpful to the interns to fulfill the given tasks. (Rothman, 2007). From the above previous researches we can identify that the Task clarity is positively associated for the successfulness of the internship program. University Perspective Effective Design of the Program Designing an effective internship program may involve many different factors. When a program coordinator is developing Internship In considering the Internship component I feel Ilke there are a lot of opportunities In Quito that support a wide variety of my interests. want to work with a non-profit that works on a grassroots organizing level with the populations that do not fit into the mainstream of Comment: Make sure you specify what sector you would like to work in (business, arts, non-profit, government, etc. ) Comment: Once you have chosen a sector, Is there a specific focus that you would Ilke to work with?Education, grassroots, public service etc. Ecuadorian society. Specifically, an organization that works with internal migration from the Comment: The more specific you are, the better! Andes or Colombia due to Plan Colombia) or with prison populations would be perfect for me. I have significant experience with solidarity organizations but more limited experience with groups that function squarely within marginalized groups and I would like to be able to transfer those skills.Another interest of mine tha t I have done some academic work around but that I would really love to engage further is to look at the gender/race/class implications of the coca industry and the War on Drugs. Populations that are Involved In this are often Indigenous and very poor, and omen occupy a unique position In this ongoing struggle. while In Peru In 2005 1 worked with female prisoners, who were overwhelmingly there because of drug trafficking. Comment: Do you have any past experiences that you feel will prepare you for this internship?Working with people who are struggling to Integrate themselves into cultural norms which they do not naturally fit will compliment the work that will be doing In St. Paul with recent Comment: Mention any on-campus or summer experiences that relate immigrants over the summer and will give me further insight into how race and other identities shift in transition and migration. According to Its website HECUA offers internships with organizations that work with Comment: Do rese arch on past internship!Talk to 1 OF3 tne organlzatlon, or 100K on tnelr weDslte Tor information on past internships – include specifics on the logistics of the internship migration and prisons. Both Casa del Migrante (House of the Migrant) and CEDHU (a Human Rights, Prison Rights group) are on the list of possible placements incorporate education into their framework which is something that is very important to me. Through courses I have taken such as Experiences in Education and Urban PoliticalChange and also work I have done in high school I have come to highly value education as a means for social change. I have worked at the Comment: Discuss past internships that directly relate to your chosen field International Center of New York, and will do similar work at Neighborhood House and both these institutions have developed a commitment to adult education and a desire to connect adults with educational opportunities that will give them both survival skills but also a greate r insight into their situations and the world around them.I also want to work with indigenous populations, specifically the Quechua people, ho Comment: Incorporate your specific academic goals and relate them to your chosen internship make up a large percentage of the populations in both Ecuador and Peru. When I was in Peru I was in an almost entirely Quechua city and I would be very interested in juxtaposing that with a more diverse city in terms of race and class.I am very interested in how indigenous culture transitions into the city. In addition to having worked with Quechua communities in Peru, I also Comment: State your learning goals for the internship have many Quechua Peruvians in my family, and through watching their experience ave developed a keen interest into how that identity is somewhat malleable and how it plays out after leaving a majority Quechua world.Not only do I have personal connections to this group but I have done a considerable amount of research around the Quechua Indians as a social movement in Indigenous People's Movements last year and thus working in an organizing situation side-byside with this population would really compliment my academic research. Comment: Discuss your educational goals and trajectory – what classes have you taken that prepare you for this internship? In closing, tne perTect nt organization Tor me would De one tnat comDlnes polltlcal organizing with community work, i. . one that addresses both the structural and the personal sides of an issue†migration, drug trafficking, etc. An organization like this is what I have trained here at Macalester to admire and I feel like the combination of real world solutions and social critique would teach me a lot and give me an opportunity to contribute. Comment: You should also include any information you have about how the program will grade you on this internship – are you required to keep Journals, write a paper, do a presentation etc?