The Prophet Essay examples - 839 Words

Kahlil Gibran was a Lebanese writer who spent the last twenty years of his life in United States. He considered THE PROPHET to be his masterpiece, and most people who read it understand why. It is a poetic work, but not really a poem. In this book Gibran shares his philosophy of life in really beautiful language. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The author sets the scene A prophet of God has been living among the people of Orphalese for s long time, but he has been longing to go back to his real home. Over the years he has come to love the people and the city. It is very difficult for him to even think about leaving. He describes the pain in this way: Too many fragments of the spirit have I scattered in these streets, and too many are the†¦show more content†¦The author uses the Prophets answers to the mason, the judge, the inn keeper and others, to share his philosophy. The language is beautiful enough to make even a dedicated non-reader like me glad he has read it. Please read this passage from The Prophet: And a woman who held a babe against her bosom said, Speak to us of Children. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;And he said: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Your children are not your children. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;They are the sons and daughters of Lifes longing for itself. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;They come through you but not from you, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; And though they are with you yet they belong not to you. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; You may give them your love but not your thoughts, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;For they have their own thoughts. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;You may house their bodies but not their souls, For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams. You may strive to be like them, but seek not to make them like you. For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday. You could read this book several times and still not be tired of it. Read it first to hear the wording, the pretty phrases such as, quot;For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrowquot;. Then read it again andShow MoreRelatedThe Prophet Habakkuk661 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Prophet Habakkuk† Ruby A. Jones Bethel University Old Testament REL 111 Sherry Henson March 25, 2013 â€Å"Historical background for The Prophet Habakkuk† Habakkuk’s name means â€Å"Embrace† and he was the eighth Prophet of the Minor Prophets. He was Prophet to the Southern Kingdom (Judah) who wrote his book around 600 B.C. Some may call Habakkuk the questioning Prophet because he questioned God’s wisdom. Habakkuk was confused, but unique because he questioned God’sRead MoreEssay on Jonah: A False Prophet or a Prophet with a False God?2121 Words   |  9 PagesJonah: A False Prophet or a Prophet with a False God? The Jonah narrative is a story often told to children to emphasize that it is wrong to run from God and there is no way to escape from God. However as adults we see that there is more to the story. There are many ways to interpret the Jonah narrative and the character of Jonah. Readers may even read the story with an anti-Semitic view if they judge solely from their first impressions of Jonah. We see a man who flees, a man who is angry withRead MoreIsaiah s Testament Prophets Of The Bible927 Words   |  4 PagesIsaiah is known as one of the greatest Old Testament prophets of the Bible. Isaiah’s name means â€Å"The Salvation of the Lord†. Isaiah lived in Jerusalem. In the book of Isaiah, Isaiah warned his own people in Judah, Israel, and other nations of the many things that God instructed his followers not to do. In his Biblical account, Isaiah states that he received visions from God. He states that these visions were prophecies which were to come true. In his many prophecies, Isaiah foretells of one significantRead MoreProphet Research Form : Micah1180 Words   |  5 PagesProphet Research Form: Micah A. Settings 1. Political Situation – Micah prophesies during three kings of Judah; Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah., circa 740 BCE. Isaiah also prophesied in Judah during this period. Micah did not belong to the Jerusalem elite and as an oracle of YHWH he spoke of Israel’s religious sins. Micah viewed Jerusalem as morally corrupt where the rulers abused the downtrodden (not much has changed). He proclaims the end of Jerusalem because of the open market, (socialism was aRead MoreMuhammad, A Biography Of Prophet Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesMuhammad, A Biography Of Prophet A short history about the worlds fastest growing religion and o f the man, who seeded the plant of Islam himselfRead MoreThe Mohammed And The Prophet1367 Words   |  6 PagesAlso, in a longer hadith, the Prophet (pbuh) said that â€Å"the salah (prayer) is a light, and charity is a proof, and patience is illumination.† In one hadith from al-Bukhari and Sahih-Muslim, it is reported that the Prophet (pbuh) said, â€Å"None of you [truly] believes until he loves for his brother that which he loves for himself.† In another hadith, the Prophet said â€Å"Let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day speak good, or keep silent; and let him who believes in Allah and the Last Day be generousRead MoreMajor Prophets Research Paper on Jeremiah835 Words   |  4 PagesMajor Prophets Research Paper on Jeremiah The Man Jeremiah and his Mission: The Prophet Jeremiah, son of Hilkiah, was of the priesthood race, and a native of Anathoth, a village in the tribe of Benjamin, within a few miles of Jerusalem, which had been appointed for the use of the priests, the descendants of Aaron. He was called to the prophetic office when very young; probably when he was fourteen years of age, and in the thirteenth of the reign of Josiah, 629 BC. He continued to prophesy tillRead MoreEssay on Biography of Prophet Muhammad873 Words   |  4 Pagesbook is about a Biography of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The biography of the Prophet is a very noble and exalted subject by which Muslims learn about the rise of Islam, and how Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was chosen by Allah to receive the divine revelation. From the reading I realize that, we know more about seerah (the history of our prophet) and it benefited us. From the reading also I can develop the proper love of Muhammad (PBUH) in my hearts. As we know loving prophet Muhammad is ‘Ibadah. It is partRead MoreThe Prophet Muhammad Of The Islamic Faith986 Words   |  4 PagesA person whose character has played a major role in history and continues to influence people worldwide is the Prophet Muhammad, the last prophet in the Islamic faith. There are many misconceptions about Muhammad, but if you were to ask any Muslim living now or at his time for one fact about him, they would tell you that he was a man of character. Even before given revelation from God through Angel Gabriel, Muhammad was known through Mecca as the Truthful and the Trustworthy. He was born an orphanRead MoreThe Theory Of The Prophet Muhammad917 Words   |  4 Pageswho as considered a divine command ethics. al-Ghazà ¢là ® s reasoning derived from not focusing on consequences on earth but what consequences one s actions would lead to in the afterlife. He believed that everyone should emulate the teaches of the Prophet Muhammad as a model of behavior. Another interesting aspect of al-Ghazà ¢là ® s ethics where that a person shouldn t try to avoid the less than desirable facets of human nature but to work on controlling them (Griffel, 2016). Faced with the prospect

William Shakespeare s Queen Elizabeth - 1598 Words

Outline Shakespeare, Queen Elizabeth, Christianity, tea, all those things are closely related to Scotland and England. However, like all the other things in the world, England and Scotland are not perfect nor ideal. They also have their own dark and bloody history, and one of the most important part of that history is the origin of witch-hunt, or in other words, the execution of witches. Witchcraft was treated as the craft of wise at the very beginning. However, as the following behind witchcraft grew stronger, the conflict between the Christian religious and witchcraft finally lead to the bloody witch-hunt; but witch-hunt is not as simple as a conflict between two beliefs, in fact, the cause behind witch-hunt is the characteristic inside us. Witch-hunt represents not only the fear of witchcraft itself, but also the fear of the unknown and the unstability. Paragraph one: Most people lived in medieval Europe blamed death, accident and other unfortunate things on the witchcraft. The lack of the knowledges to both witchcraft and those unfortunate things made those things become unknown. People were afraid of illness and death, yet the limitation of science made them can’t correctly understand those things. In order to release the fear of unknown, witchcraft became the scapegoat. During the witch-hunt in Salem, Martha Corey was one of the victims. Martha Corey (also spelled Cory), an 81 years old lady, was accused of practicing witchcraft. Then a special sermon was deliveredShow MoreRelatedElizabeth The First Was The Queen Of England And Ireland1692 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth the First was the Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1603. She was the final and fifth monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Elizabeth had many talents, which enabled her to be a capable, strong leader. For many reasons Elizabeth was one of the most notable personalities of Tudor, one being that she kept stability in a nation that was troubled with political and religious rebellion. Against the pressures of parliament she maintained authority of the crown. She was able to transform England’sRead More Analysis of film Shakespeare in Love Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of film Shakespeare in Love The film Shakespeare in Love shows that even in the 21st century Elizabethan drama impacts its audience as it did in the 1500s. The film captured England and the important influence of Elizabeth I during the Renaissance period. Even though Queen Elizabeth didnt have a major role in the film, her characteristics were displayed through the main heroine, Lady Viola. Lady Viola and Elizabeth were both courageous, well-educated women of the upperRead MoreThe Status And Perception Of Women928 Words   |  4 Pageswoman been able to fully embrace the stage without reservations. An analysis of research texts and journal articles reveals and connects the way that a queen of ancient times and one of the English Renaissance controlled their image, were affected by societal views of women, and were ultimately depicted. Scholarship on Cleopatra and Queen Elizabeth I relays the idea that society and patriarchy led to their respective authorities and depictions. Mary Hamer, author of Signs of Cleopatra, a historicalRead MoreEssay on Shakespeare Authorship Controversy1504 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare, the man who wrote 37 plays and more than a hundred sonnets, is known throughout the world. Many people consider him one of the best English playwrights of our time, others say that he was a genius. William Shakspere was born in Stratford-upon Avon in 1564 and died in 1616 at the age of 52. In the mid-19th century, questions had arisen about the Shakespeare authorship controversy, and many scholars wondered whether Shakspere, the man from Stratford, wrote the plays. Ralph W. EmersonRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Elizabethan Era1478 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is one of the most famous poets, dramatists, and actors of his time, let alone all of all of history. Though many details of many aspects of his life are uncertain, it is evident through the popularity of his works that he forever remain a distinguished individual of the Elizabethan era. The stability of England under Queen Elizabeth I allowed artists to flourish as the populations attention turned from that of the political and religious scene to more interest based endeavorsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1632 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing and not being granted the same rights and equality as men. Specifically this can be seen in the Elizabethan age. Queen Elizabeth fought for women to be seen as equals to men through her reign. But in loving the theatre, she never allowed women to be on the stage; forcing men to play the role of men and women makes her ideals and society s hypocritical. William Shakespeare writes using strong women characters, such as Katherine Minola and Juliet Capulet, to show the society he inhabits justRead MoreThe Elizabethan Er The Golden Age Of English History1527 Words   |  7 Pagesover England’s hated Spanish enemies ( Elizabethan Era.). Queen Elizabeth I was queen from 1558 until her death in 1603, marking the Elizabethan Era.   Her father was King Henry VIII, who ruled from 1509 until his death in 1547, and was succeeded by Elizabeth s siblings Edward and Mary. Her father’s reign was shaped by his separation from the Catholic Church, which sparked years of religious controversy in England. Queen Elizabeth s mother was Protestant, but Elizabeth’s predecessor and sisterRead MoreWho Really Wrote Shakespeares Work794 Words   |  4 Pages One of the most well-known writers in history is also one of the most controversial writers. William Shakespeare has been credited to thirty-eight plays, but did he actual ly write all of them. The debate whether he wrote all of his plays has been debated for generations. One of the main reasons was if his education level was high enough to be a world-famous writer. But if Shakespeare didnt write his works, then who did? One of the most controversial and accused writers wasRead MoreA Brief Biography of William Shakespeare617 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, the man of many artistic talents, is still quite a mysterious figure in today’s world, mainly because of the lack of records on this man; but also because of his writings. According to what little the Holy Trinity Church had documented on William Shakespeare, the legal and business transactions including some theatrical and Court documents as well as his life’s work, can be used to put the little bits of information given to us to see the basic overview of this man’s life, useRead MoreArts and Crafts of Elizabethan Era Essays611 Words   |  3 PagesQueen Elizabeth’s reign had a very large impact on the blossom of arts and crafts in late 1500’s and early 1600’s of England. She had a great passion for arts, crafts, and literature. This inspired several artists, play writes, author, and architects to move their practice to the England. Some authors include William Shakespeare, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Wyatt. Architects include John Brayne, also included famous artist Nicholas Hilliard. The collection of arts in England mad this country very popular

Festivals as a Source of Life Free Essays

The importance of festivals in India, a festival is a celebration of life. Festivals for the general public to bring peace and happiness. They break the monotony of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Festivals as a Source of Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indian festivals are numerous. The three types of national, religious and seasonal are one. Write the first festival. Ie national festivals are celebrated with great patriotic festivals favour. These Republic Day, Independence Day, Gandhi, etc. are included Jayanit. The second type of festivals festival people. These profession reflecting master Parav, Holly, Lohir, Buddhapurnima, Mahavir Jayanit, Dussehra, Diwali, Janmastami, Chath, Navratri, Eid, are included. The changes mark the third season. These festival, Baisakhi, Onam, Pongal, a festival entertainment includes the spring festival Panchanmi etc. , or a certain kind, often a series of performances held from time to time. Festival to break the monotony of life. They bring peace and happiness for the masses. All countries have their religious and cultural festivals. Indian festivals are numerous. They are warm, rich, varied and colorful. Indian festivals are as diverse as people themselves. National or political, religious and seasonal – they divided into three broad categories can be. Most Indian festivals, religions or myths and legends have their origins in popular religions. Some venerable men are struggling with the memory of events and, therefore, in nature monument. They keep alive the memory of the events and personalities and to inspire people to follow their example. Then festivals that punctuate the season of the year. National festivals, Republic Day, Independence Day, like Gandhi Jayanit great patriotism is celebrated with gusto. These days have been declared national holidays and a lot of excitement in all parts of the country is celebrated. Capital, New Delhi, is the seat of national celebrations such occasions. This is a Republic Day parade witness the majestic. Separate †¦ How to cite Festivals as a Source of Life, Papers

E Business Sustaining Vs Disruptive Technologies

Question: Describe about the Sustaining vs Disruptive Technologies? Answer: Introduction: A disruptive technology is such a technology which helps in creating value network and new markets and eventually disrupts a value network and an existing market displacing the earlier technology. The term disruptive technology is used in technology and business literature to describe innovations that improve a service and a product in an unexpected manner. In contrast to disruptive innovation, sustaining innovation does not create new markets or value network but innovates existing ones with better value and proposition, giving the firms room for competition against their existing innovations. Sustaining innovations may be continuous or discontinuous (, 2013). What impact does disruptive and sustaining innovations have on business decisions: Innovation can be divided into two forms i.e. disruptive and sustaining innovations. Good companies are aware of the innovations that they are going through, but unfortunately, their business structure does not allow them to pursue those because they are not profitable and secondly it might take away the resources which are accumulated for sustaining innovations. Therefore disruptive innovations are costly and complicated to apply in organizations. Apple has provided an excellent example of how to apply disruptive innovation(Whatis.techtarget.com, 2015). The launching of I Pod, by apple had breathtaking attraction over customers and record breaking profits for apple. But in reality, before apple two more companies have already launched the same idea and were doing well in the market. But what made apple different from them was that apple has developed an excellent business model that integrated software and hardware service. In his book, The innovators Dilemma, M.Christensen has said that large companies are designed to work upon sustaining innovation. They are comfortable in knowing old markets, staying intimate with their customers, and having mechanisms for sustaining technologies. But, on the other hand, they have trouble capitalizing cost savings, potential efficiencies or new marketing opportunities formed by low margin disruptive technologies (Antiessays.com, 2015). Internet and www- disruptive or sustaining technology The rise of internet has aroused the question across many industries whether it is a disruptive technology or a sustaining technology. The internet seems to have some of the characteristics of disruptive technology in the banking industry as it has created a major new growth in the banking industry. While others see the internet as just another sustaining technology in banking, providing a more convenient distribution channel.eg. ATM. How had internet changed the business in the information age? The internet has opened a new dimension of vast opportunities to the entrepreneurs. With the coming of the internet, business has become more connected and open to the consumers. Internet has provided business with a new way of communication, such as, emails and instant messaging therefore improving the ability of businesses to communicate with associates, employees and customers. Today, business entrepreneurs can stay in touch with instant messaging, emails and face to face chats over internet (Bartels, 2015). Anyone can access the internet and big decisions are taken within seconds. Social networking sites such as facebook and twitter provides another easy way to connect colleagues. Not only has that internet allowed far reaching collaboration. The internet has made possible geographically dispersed team to meet from anywhere in the world virtually through the medium of email, cloud computing, video conferencing, Skype etc. social networking business sites such as LinkedIn, have ma de possible businesses to communicate with each other in an easier manner. The result is huge productivity and a wider blend of abilities, talents and viewpoints. In what way would collaboration, collective intelligence and crowdsourcing affect a company moving to an open system? Collaborative intelligence characterizes distributed systems and multi agent where each human, agent or machine is positioned in such a way to contribute to a problem solving network. Collaboration is to work with others in completing a task and to share achieved goals. Crowd sourcing is the process of obtaining needed ideas, services and content by taking contributions from a group of people like an online community rather than from suppliers or traditional employees (Vectone.com, 2015). The collective intelligence is needed to solve many of the future challenges. Crowdsourcing refers to the use of internet to gather value from the contribution of many people. The term crowd sourcing has been pioneered by Jeff Howe to refer to new ways of problem solving. Open collaboration systems, such as Wikipedia always need a group of volunteers to remain relevant. Only open systems are effective in collaboration as all closed systems will fail over time. For knowledge sharing only open systems are effective (Laudon Traver, 2002). Advantages and disadvantages of Web 2.0 The disadvantages of web 1.0 gave way to the formation of web 2.0. The pros and cons of web 2.0 are as follows: Pros: Customer engagement Rss readers can receive latest updates and contents Everyone can post comments and views Search engine optimization and social media marketing Through social networking, friends and contacts are increased. Online promotions of products, businesses and services Cons: Hackers and forgeries commit crimes Information is overloaded. many information is posted by viewers which contributes to confusions and the content is also not reliable Too many spammers and fake ids Freedom to post comments encourage competitors and rivals post negative comments about companies Tools used in web 2.0 The most widely used tools in web 2.0 are wikis, blogs, podcasts, prediction markets, information tagging and social networks (Editorsweblog.org, 2015). Old media meets new web media: Foursquare, the social networking geotagging game has collaborated with wall street journal as a geolocation check in. Its extraordinarily fascinating old media meets new web media coverage. By definition, old media is the publisher that delivers magazines, newspapers in a package while new media is publishing something online such as publishing a video in YouTube; blogging which stays online in a digitalized package. New media is growing fast in the market causing old media to lose major stocks in the market. Most of the softwares uses the concept of geo location to identify users and profile them to gain the competitive advantages. Applications like face book, foursquare, and gowalla have been famous for a few years Geolocation technologies allow organizations to use the World Wide Web as a distribution channel to identify the customers. After shaking hands with foursquare, wall street journal has won the war for New York City against The New York Times as now it has a technologica l advantage. They are using foursquare to maximize their market penetration (Eaton Eaton, 2010). The WSJ has created 3 badges including the urban adventurer badge, a banker badge and a lunch box badge which will be given to readers who will read WSJ. The badges moreover represent the increasing number of partnerships occurring between social networking sites and publications. Thus it can be seen that this partnership has been an added advantage on the part of wsj. Social networking sites have become a new tool for e marketing. The e business tolls that have been used in this partnership are subscription, advertising, transaction fee, affiliate and sales. Advantages of web 2.0 over web 1.0 Web 2.0 contains more features than web 1.0.It includes web sites created by users, social networking sites, tagging, self publishing platforms and social bookmarking. It is cost effective, flexible, mobile, contains up to date information, it can be continuously used. It ties to a global community; readers can implement creativity in posting and developing content. Web 1.0 was a kind of read only where you can only read the internet pages. But web 2.0 is a read and write application where users communicate with the internet example, my space and facebook. The challenges with web 2.0 are that too many information is posted online by readers and it creates confusion. The freedom of posting comments make the competitors and rivals post unviable comments online and forgeries and hacking are committed on a large basis. Web 3.0 is the future of internet technology. It provides broader search for information through easier interfaces (Searchcio.techtarget.com, 2015). The inventor of www, Tim burners-lee calls it semantic web. Web 3.0 creates a collection of databases which connects on demand. Thus it is more revolutionized and has better prospects than web 2.0 Conclusion: Thus it can be seen that, that social networking sites are the new media that is gaining revenue in the market. Web 2.0 is better than web 1.0 and the future of technology is web 3.0 and it can be seen that both disruptive and sustaining technology is necessary for organizations. References: , V. (2013). Sustaining vs Disruptive Technologies. Startup Iceland. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://startupiceland.com/2013/02/22/sustaining-vs-disruptive-technologies/ Antiessays.com,. (2015). Foursquare Geography - Essay by Blf99999. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Foursquare-Geography-521619.html Bartels, A. (2015). The difference between e-business and e-commerce. Computerworld. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.computerworld.com/article/2588708/e-commerce/the-difference--between-e-business-and-e-commerce.html Eaton, K., Eaton, K. (2010). Wall Street Journal and Foursquare: Geolocating City Newsrag Mashup From Heaven. Fast Company. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.fastcompany.com/1627992/wall-street-journal-and-foursquare-geolocating-city-newsrag-mashup-heaven Editorsweblog.org,. (2015). In the battle for New York City, the WSJ uses Foursquare to its advantage - Editors Weblog. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.editorsweblog.org/2010/04/27/in-the-battle-for-new-york-city-the-wsj-uses-foursquare-to-its-advantage Laudon, K., Traver, C. (2002). E-commerce. Boston: Addison Wesley. Searchcio.techtarget.com,. (2015). What is e-business (electronic business)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/e-business Vectone.com, T. (2015). The Impact of E-Promotion and Social Networking on E-Business: Case Study of Vectone.com. Academia.edu. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from https://www.academia.edu/3746477/The_Impact_of_E-Promotion_and_Social_Networking_on_E-Business_Case_Study_of_Vectone.com Whatis.techtarget.com,. (2015). What is disruptive technology? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved 18 February 2015, from

Black And Decker Essays - Marketing, DeWalt, Market Penetration

Black And Decker 1. FINDINGS Black and Decker's DeWalt line has been so successful in the USA that it is now the standard for both the Professional-Industrial and the Professional-Tradesman market segments. Nolan Archibald, Chairman, President and CEO of Black and Decker (B&D) saw the potential in 1994 to increase the companies market share through worldwide sales of B&D products. While the company had a definite presence in the European Consumer Power Tools market segment, it lacked penetration in the Professional Power Tools segment. On the other hand, in Japan, where there was a huge market for professional power tools, B&D's market penetration was negligible compared to its competitors. B&D's vision for DeWalt is to be the global "Value Power Tool" provider of choice for every Professional Tradesperson and all worldwide Industrial markets. Based on the facts, the product managers of the DeWalt line have developed a global strategy based on the following conclusions: ? DeWalt is a highly successful product in the US market. B&D must leverage its brand identity and marketing strategies employed in the US and also capitalize on their established quality and pricing. ? B&D must explore the formation of strategic alliances with local distributors. Multiple and/or hybrid channels must be used to reach customers quickly and as effectively as possible. ? Through a global strategy, B&D can appeal to consumer homogeneity by offering lower product costs while maintaining high product quality. The lower product costs derived from the economies of scale will maximize customer value exchange. ? B&D must aggressively employ a hybrid push-pull communication strategy to be successful in the two markets. This will enable B&D to get the DeWalt name out to more customers in a diverse geography. ? While Elu has performed better than B&D Professional and B&D Proline product lines in the European market, its lack-luster revenues compel B&D to replace the Elu product line with the DeWalt line. ? There exists cultural differences between the US market and the European and Japanese markets. While the European market is similar to that of the US, the Japanese market warrants a thorough study of local conditions before entering it. The global strategy must consider factors such as brand loyalty, product recognition, brand image and channel intermediaries. ? A direct presence in Europe and Japan is critical to B&D's success. To effectively penetrate these markets, manufacturing and/or assembly plants must be established locally. 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS i) US Market In 1994 the DeWalt product line experienced worldwide sales which exceeded $350 million dollars. B&D's market share in the US comprised of 25% of the professional industry, 40% of the professional tradesman industry, and 50% of the consumer industry. B&D's marketing campaign in the US "Operation Sudden Impact" was a great success leading to the reduction of Makita's market share in the Professional-Tradesmen segment from over 50% to 30%. ii) European Market The European market was 35% bigger than the US market. In 1994 the European power tools market was $2.5 billion. Of that $1.5 billion came from the professional industrial and tradesman market, and $1.0 billion came from the consumer tools market. The major competitors in the European power tool market were Bosch, Makita, Hitachi and B&D. Bosch was considered "the standard of excellence" in the European industry. Both Bosch and B&D held approximately 30% of the consumer market, while in the professional market Bosch held 30% and B&D held less than 10%(see Exhibit 1a and 1b for market shares). In the professional power tools market, B&D offered three product lines - Elu, B&D Professional and B&D Proline. Elu was a Swiss company purchased by B&D in the early 1980's. Elu enjoyed brand recognition but failed to reach a broad market. In the professional power tools segment, B&D employed three distribution channels - specialty, traditional and modern consumer. Consumer brands represent 70% of B&D's European power tool sales. B&D was viewed as a highly "consumer-segment oriented" company in Europe, similar to its situation prior to the introduction of the DeWalt line in the US market. iii) Japanese Market Japan was the second largest in the professional power tool market worldwide. Unlike the US and European markets, Japan did not have a consumer power tool market. Two domestic producers - Hitachi and Makita, dominated the industrial power tool market. They held the majority of the market share at 40% and 35% respectively. Bosch held 10% of the market share, and B&D held a slim 2% of the market (see Exhibit 1c). Introducing the DeWalt product line in Japan poses a bigger challenge for B&D than US and Europe. The

Pro Legalization of Marijuana essays

Pro Legalization of Marijuana essays In the early 1900's Americans realized that alcohol and other types of drugs popular at the time were being abused and thought it may be a good idea to criminalize their use to stop the problems that their use and abuses caused. Legislation was introduced and made into laws, outlawing alcoholic beverages on January 29th, 1920, Marijuana in 1937, cocaine, and other mind altering drugs. It took our government 13 years to admit that these laws were a total failure and reversed most of them. I think it is time to change the remaining failing prohibition laws and let the tax payers decide for themselves what to consume. I believe in the theory of legalizing freedom. I don't believe in the government protecting me from myself. For some unknown reason they decided to keep nicotine legal in the forms of cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, and snuff tobacco. Our government decided that they could create new taxes on these drugs since they may not have been aware of their dangers and habit forming tendencies. These new taxes could help pay for all the new federal government jobs that were created. Caffeine the active drug found in coffee and soft drinks was also ignored. Our government opened new federal branches of governments called The Federal Prohibition Agents and later the ATF, the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Bureau. Supply and demand have always controlled these drugs. Demand was high and the tax paying citizens were furious that a few decided for the rest that they could no longer have the freedom to consume these mind altering drugs. Alcohol was already being produced in stills in back yards around the country and occasionally someone got sick or even died from bad alcohol. Marijuana and cocaine were mostly used by either the rich or the minorities whereas alcohol was by far the drug of choice at the time. It didn't take long before ...

Abusive Usage of Internet Can Destroy Society Essay

Abusive Usage of Internet Can Destroy Society - Essay Example Additionally, it has provided a convenient means of conducting business, networking and social interaction. In the midst of all these remarkable fetes, internet also poses great threats to the same society that it has benefited. Arguably, use of internet within rational realms is safe and beneficial both in short and long term. Internet usage in the workplace makes the operations quick, effective, and reliable. However, misuse of the internet in an organization ahs detrimental effects that can destroy the organization and the society (Anandarajan, 2006, p. 15-17). This paper, therefore, presents an argument on how abusive usage of internet can destroy society. Sedentary Behavior The fact that internet has made communication possible by just a click of a button poses a serious threat to the society. It is a common phenomenon to see people sitting in front of their computers the whole day and get all their needs accomplished. Whereas it is possible to meet our needs through internet us e, the same can potentially pose a great health risk to the society. Sedentary behavior has become the order of the day as the society use internet for virtually all activities. It is only a matter of time before an appreciable size of the society becomes physically inactive. Indeed, some scientists have flagged sedentary behavior as one of the causes of overweight, obesity, stress, and other related diseases. This is certainly destroying the society and the same will continue unless the society develops moderate use of the internet. Overdependence Although the internet is a relevant source of information, overdependence on the internet is arguably one of the factors that have led to a lazy society and poor quality of education. Ideally, all the information we need is in the internet and hence students and researchers have turned to the internet for the provision of this information instead of going to the libraries and other physical sources (University of Notre Dame, 2008, p.1). T his has led to immense levels of laziness since the students will only need to sit in front of a computer and do their studies. In addition, the overdependence on the internet has led to poor quality of educations as the students and researches simply rely on the internet information with no further insights to the topics in question. Hence, issues of plagiarism that negate quality are very rampant in the modern information sector. Moreover, excessive time spent on the internet can jeopardize a marriage, as the partners will have no time for marital issues (Young, 1998, p.222-224). Moral and Ethical issues The internet has clear-cut avenues to immorality and unethical behaviors. Where there are no age limitations to the access of internet in the world, the internet contains subtle and immoral information that is highly accessible to all. Contents of pornography (Erooga, 2012, p.14), drug abuse, terrorism, and other unpleasant attributes feature in the internet (Asian School of Cyber Laws, 2003, p.2). Additionally, children can become victims of sex offenders who use the internet to target children, lure them, and communicate with other sex offenders (Davidson, 2008, p.66). Students and minors misuse the internet by accessing the sites that influence them to immoral and unethical behaviors. Teens copy these behaviors thus degrading morality in the society. In addition, internet users misuse the internet by login to music sites like YouTube and downloading videos, movies, and audio music free. These acts promote music piracy and are against music copyrights and patents. Hence, they are unethical as they deny the music producers and artists their due returns. This oppression

How lifes effect the Illegal Immigrants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How lifes effect the Illegal Immigrants - Essay Example e like normal native people whereas illegal immigrants often use illegal channels for immigration which force them to live always under fear of the consequences. Being a secular democracy, America has opened their doors widely for most of the people from different parts of the country. Moreover, America is facing big manpower shortages in many fields which forced them to welcome more and more skilled professional from other countries. But most of the immigrants who immigrate to America through legal channels will try to bring their relatives and friends also through legal and illegal channels in order to exploit the possibilities in America. This paper briefly explains the life of illegal immigrants in America, based on two articles Tough-But-Fair Rules For Tomorrows Illegal Immigrants and When home is prison appeared on business week and T Don Hutto. Illegal immigrants always forced to live under the threats from the authorities. Many companies are giving employment to them in order to exploit them. Illegal immigrants would accept any type of jobs and they are ready to work for whatever the cheap salaries offered by the employer. Moreover, the employer doesn’t want to provide them any insurance coverage, accommodation facilities and any other incentives apart from the daily wages. In short, their living conditions would be pathetic compared to others in the society. The effects of illegal immigration are perceived differently by different people. Some people argue that illegal immigration is a blessing whereas some others are of the opinion that it is a curse to American people. â€Å"Many angry U.S. citizens rightly note that American business is rapidly legitimizing the residence of immigrants who have broken the law to enter or remain in the U.S† (Business Week). But their argument seem to be meaningless as many of the illegal immigrants are working only at the lowly paid sectors which an average American would never even think of. â€Å"Think farm work or

Project management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Project management plan - Essay Example After years of planning, effort and investment, a super cycle way route connecting Nottingham City to the Toton Rail station was conceptualized. This project will provide a safe, direct, paved, flat and continuous non-vehicular travel route between the station and the city. The route will feature several at-grade roads crossing in the entire length along an independent right-of-way in the road networks existing. The Greenway route surface will contrast according to suitability to the landscape, material availability and expected demand. A favored wearing course product currently promoted is a recycled material based on road planning and waste building aggregate. This forms an inert, grey material that rolls to provide a compact surfacing which seems to set if allowed to settle. It provides an even, all weather surfaces for cycles and wheelchairs or prams, whilst remaining softer than a bonded surface which can be stiff on walkers and horses joints. Where a route navigates an urban area it may be found desirable to arrange for a bitumen surface for maximum strength for high demand and to minimise maintenance. In this occurrence it might be considered necessary to provide an equivalent mown grass path for horse riders. Designs for the Greenway route construction will suggest for greater widths to accommodate varied options of shared use. Current specifications propose a 3metre wide path for a full multi-user path and a 2.5metre wide path where horse riders are barred. The path should sit, where space allows, in a wider corridor with a minimum 1 meter boundary either side or appropriate landscaping to the boundaries. The existing bridge is proposed to be redesigned and replaced with one that caters for both bicycle and pedestrian use. The new bridge will effectively connect the two locations without having to seek an alternative longer route. The new greenway route has

National Situation on OSH in Liberia

National Situation on OSH in Liberia Name of participant: Habib K.N Sheriff Proposals for the improvement the national situation on OSH in Liberia Introduction To protect workers health and safety, a system has to be in place to ensure that the health and safety of the employees are consistently protected void of type and class of work. This system must enforce workers protection independent of the employers will, i.e. the system must ensure that the employers doesnt act at his/her will and pleasure even if it endangers the health and safety of the employees. Currently, there exist no recognized structure/policy in Liberia; however, there are specialist organizations and government bodies with direct functions in specific OSH disciplines. Unfortunately, even these bodies are dormant. As the government is meant to protect its citizenry, they must take the lead in the protection of employees. As a significant responsibility, government is to ensure decent work for all workers which include safe work. This is not unique to Liberia; it is included in the ILO Convention on Occupational Health Services No. 161 describes the occupational health service as an integrated, comprehensive, multidisciplinary team entrusted with essentially preventive functions and responsible for advising employers, workers and their representatives in undertakings on improving health at work, improving the working environment, promoting workers health, adapting work to the physical and mental capabilities of workers, and the overall development of the structural and managerial aspects of the workplace needed for health and safety (Introduction to the National OSH System, 2015). The government of Liberia being a signatory to the Convention 155 and Recommendation 164 of Occupational Safety and Health, 1981 of the ILO must therefore develop a policy consistent with best practice and strongly supported by law and used it to enforce OSH best practice in the country. This policy must have the support most preferably of all branches of the government: an act endorse by parliament and signed into law, explained by the judiciary and enforced by the executive. In such way, the highest office i.e. the office of the President supports the document thereby giving it the much needed enforcement. Strength and weaknesses of current OSH structure of Liberia: Strength Currently, there are a number of government ministries responsible to execute various OSH duties in the Liberia. These ministries are supported by law to organized specialist teams that will assist the improvement of specific sector through engagement and enforcement. They are empower to varying extend depending on the body and task they have to perform. Some even have powers of arrest- Ministry of Gender and development has the power to arrest individuals involved in child labor practices and turn the culprit over to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution, while others have powers to issue stop order like those issued by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and the Ministry of Labor. Weakness Unfortunately, there is little that is been done by each of these organization. They are either dormant or lacks the manpower and technical knowhow to execute their responsibilities. Also, the support from government is lacking in some area. A major challenge in the current structure is the definition of scope and responsibilities. Several ministries tend to repeat similar roles. This is worsened by very poor communication between line ministries on cross-functional subjects. This result to unnecessary repetition like during inspections, and multiple instructions to businesses in the implementation of OSH. Proposed structure: Foundation Policy is commonly defined as a specific, deliberate course of action adopted by a government or public body to help fulfil its mandate. Any policy must be anchored in, and derive its authority from, formal legal powers and obligations and is thus an important instrument for decision-making processes. (National OSH Governance, 2015 edition), considering this definition, OSH must be enacted as the genesis for the formation of the system all that follows. This act will be aimed at strengthening its derivatives- the resulting policies and procedure. This act will be implemented through the established structure within the national framework. There must be agencies with responsibilities to perform different roles and develop regulations and Code of practices. With the support of the act, agencies can be held liable for not implementing these regulations or failure to meet best practice as prescribe in the Code of practice. Overtime, there will be collective barging which will further aid the full implementation of the policy and where necessary, technical standards to will be given by the responsible agency/authority to ensure bottle-necks are remove. Stakeholders structure Liberia has numerous ministries with OSH responsibilities, these ministries must be properly coordinated through a Competent Authority (CA) this CA must be legislated and made semi-autonomous to ensure that it acts with neither fear nor favor. The body should be so constituted and empower to countercheck the activities of line ministries responsible for the enforcement of OSH related issues in the country. For instance, in as much as health related subject falls within the ambit of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW), the CA should have the overall responsibility to check the ministry and ensure that agencies are complying with regulations. Same must apply to the ministry of Labor which oversees labor related issues. The CA will oversee a tripartite council constituted by line ministries with OSH duties, private companies and workers council; also either as a part of the workers council or subsidiary bodies are the insurance and Traditional representation. This body- tripartite council will meet at regular intervals to discuss national OSH issues, whenever such meetings are held, the CA will chair and ensure proper documentation are stored with the authority. Other major bodies: Insurance bodies Although not directed regarded when naming the tripartite council, insurance plays a cardinal role in the overall establishment and maintenance of the OSH system in a country. Naturally, proper OSH management tends to greatly benefit insurance agencies by reducing compensation they pay out and increase their income. Therefore, when insurance agencies pay special attention to OSH by supporting proactive projects- prevention projects/campaigns, there will be marked improvement in the overall OSH system of the country. Traditional bodies To achieve realistic compliance to OSH policies, it is only wise to involve stakeholders having direct impacts on both the formal and informal occupational sector. In Liberia, farming is done basically through traditional methods and involves illiterate farmers using local methods. The importance of having this group represented cannot be overemphasized. Any council without a full representation of this group is incomplete because it excludes a significant number of workers hence it is not a proper representation of the overall workforce. Moreover, formulation of effective guidelines can only be done if the nature of the problem is fully understood. To understand the problem, there must be consultation which cannot be actualized without the involvement of local farmers; therefore, it is best to have the fullest representation of those carrying on the task when reviewing issues and making decisions. Rules and directives must be applicable to the people in the region for which they are design. If the tools use by a particular group of people is not known, how does a person risk assessing the task know the hazards inherent in such task? Benefits of the competent authority: Ambiguity The CA will remove ambiguity among ministries by deciding their scope and limitations in OSH. Quite frequently, line ministries do no fully know the limitations of their OSH duties as other ministries have similar functions. For instance, the Ministry of Labor (MOL) is responsible to ensure that working conditions are decent for all workers, this also is the responsible of the MOHSW who is responsible to ensure health care is optimum the workplace and that the working conditions doesnt hamper the health of the workers. Coordination A CA will ensure better coordination through joint projects and optimizing specialist skills when and where necessary. For instance, although decent work involves both MOHSW and MOL, where health is a key indicator of decent work, better coordination between these two line ministries will assist in deciding that MOHSW takes the lead due to their specialist skills in health. Unnecessary repetition and inspection CA will define the roles and limitations of each ministry. Since ministries have repeated or closely similar roles, some inspections are carried out more than once, this result to apprehension amongst businesses and industries at which these inspections are carried out, hence much lack of cooperation. Define reporting structure As a basic responsibility of the CA, it will collect reports on a timely basis and follow-up on gaps in various agencies. This define structure will regulate line ministries and agencies in complying with established guidelines. Also, reporting will aid during auditors to cross checked what is reported against what exist in the workplace. By this means, greater focus will be placed on the needed areas and removed the need for unnecessary attention. Technical services This body must be so constituted to have the necessary technical experience to facilitate training and provide assistance to various entities on OSH related subjects. Trainings should not be limited to technical services (working at height, use of PPE, lifting rigging and slinging, manual handling etc.); it should also include administration and structure in OSH. As the OSH program is relatively new in Liberia, this body must have the needed funding from government to provide 75-90% of the training free. This will encourage greater participation of organizations especially profit making ones who view OSH as additional expenditure. Conclusion: In Liberia to achieve and maintain an OSH system, a policy must be formed and controlled by a CA. This can be achieved by forming a tripartite council which meets regularly to establish and review national OSH framework and develop a plan of action. This council headed by the CA will also be supplemented by other bodies which will have full rights- these bodies must include Insurance and Traditional bodies. Said council must be supported by an act of legislation, fully constituted by all the relevant stakeholders and have the needed technical experience to properly guide the implementation of established guidelines and code of practices. This will create a fertile environment for a fast growing OSH culture where there will be more voluntary compliance. Although voluntary compliance is sought, the overall priority is to protect workers from harm physically or mentally, therefore, the CA should be given enforcement powers to act without warning when necessary. All should be cone with a basic rule Decent/safe work for all employees. Bibliography: Occupational safety and health module 6.1 -2015 edition Occupational safety and health module 6.2 -2015 edition

Cystic Fibrosis Essays -- essays research papers fc

Cystic Fibrosis is a severe hereditary disease that infects the lungs, digestive system, sweat glands and male fertility. The name Cystic Fibrosis derives from the Fibrous scar tissue that develops in the pancreas. First recognized in 1938, cystic fibrosis is generalized as an autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine glands. About one in every 2500 Caucasians is affected, and one in 25 is a carrier of the cystic fibrosis gene. Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal hereditary disorder of Caucasians in the United States and is the most common cause of chronic lung disease in children and young adults. Approximately 38,000 children and young adults in the United States today. About 3,000 babies are born with cystic fibrosis every year. Several decades ago many children with cystic fibrosis died by the age of 2. Today, about half of the people with cystic fibrosis live past the age of 31. That number is expected to grow with the continuing success of modern treatment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease, it is caused by a defect in the person genes. These genes form the nucleus of all the body's cells and control cell function, serving as the blueprint for the production of proteins (Gale 876). The defective gene that causes cystic fibrosis is called cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, or for short, CFTR. It is the protein responsible for regulating chloride movement across cells in some tissues. When a person has two defective copies of the CFTR gene, cystic fibrosis is the result (Gale 876). There are over 500 known defects in the CFTR gene that can trigger cystic fibrosis (CF). The gene defects in cystic fibrosis are called point mutations. As a result, the CFTR protein made from the CFTR gene, is made incorrectly and cannot perform its function properly. The CFTR protein helps produce mucus which is a mixture of salts, waters, sugars and proteins. The role of the CFTR protein is to allow chloride ions to exit the mucus producing cells. It helps to keep mucus from becoming to thick and sluggish, allowing the mucus to be moved steadily. In CF, the CFTR protein cannot do its job properly, and cannot allow chloride ions out of the mucus producing cells. The mucus becomes thick and can lead to malnutrition a... ...ng they might live to see the next day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography Claymen, Charles B. The American Medical Association Family Medical Guide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York : Random House., 1994 Cotran, Ramzis S. Kumar, Vinay. Robbins, Stanley L. Pathologic Basis of Disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Philadelphia, Pa : WB Saunders Company., 1994 Tierney, Lawerence M. Mcphee, Stephen J. Papadakis, Maxine A. Current Medical Diagnoisis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and Treatment. Stamford, CT : Appleton & Lange., 1997 Gale, James. The Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders and Birth Defects. New York : Oxford.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1991 Berhow, Robert. The Merck Manual of Medical Information. Whitehouse Station, NJ : Merk   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  & Co Inc., 1997   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Aka Anta! Aka Anta

She was beautiful to last. One day, when she was taking a stroll, she met a young prince who happened to pass by. The prince was very handsome. When she first saw the prince she felt a strong sensation for him. So did the prince for her. They exchange pleasantries and search each other's feelings out. Everyday from then on they would go out together, until one day the prince revealed his true feelings to the princess. So since the princess had long et her heart for the prince, she didn't hesitate anymore and at once accepted his love for her.One afternoon after their usual walk together, the two engaged in a most intimate conversation under the sweet-scented plants kept by the princess. â€Å"Marring Magna†, how lovely your flowers are, but the flowers in our kingdom are far more beautiful and fragrant. None of those here could compare with them. † â€Å"Really? Tell me where your kingdom is? † â€Å"Yonder in those parts where no mortals can go. After a little w hile more, the prince bade goodbye with a sad look in his face. This prompted Marring Magna to ask the prince the reason why. â€Å"Well it's because the prince couldn't find the right words to explain himself. Well, because of what? What seems to be the trouble? † the princess kept skins, suspecting something was wrong. â€Å"l must return home, if not, I will not be able to return home to our kingdom anymore. I want very much to bring you along with me, but such is not permissible. Your kind is not allowed in our kingdom. Thus, farewell, my love. † â€Å"Come back tonight will wait for you here in the garden. Please, you'll come back? ‘ â€Å"I'll try, Marring Magna,† the prince promised. It was close to midnight when the prince came. He was greeted by the princess who waited for him inside the garden.They talked for hours and hours. Their conversation almost touched on every subject. All the time, the princess wrapped herself tightly around the arms of the prince, never letting go. Suddenly, the prince stood up and announced, â€Å"l must leave at once, Marring Magna! It's about midnight. If don't depart at once I won't be able to return home. Stay put. But I want you to remember you're the one love,† as he threw a gentle kiss on the petal lips of Marring Magna. The princess tried to stop the prince as she grabbed his arms with all her might.She could not bear the fact his lover would abandon her. While tugging at each other, suddenly the prince disappeared and left his arms behind held teen the palms of Marring Magna. The princess was shocked at this that she runs quickly to a corner of the garden and buried the arms. A few days after, there sprouted a strange plant on the spot where she buried the arms. It had wide leaves but no branches. A few days more, the tree shed flowers, everyday thereafter, she would visit the plant. Then a few days later, it bore fruits in the place of its flowers.The fruits came in bunches, eac h bunch looked like fingers set side by side and laid parallel to each other. These became known as the first banana fruits in the world. A very long time ago, in what is now the town of Cantina in Racial, there lived a woman named Jamaican who was well-known not only to the people of her native town but also to those of the neighboring towns. She was greatly admired for her beauty and wealth as she belonged to a rich family. But above all, she was very much loved and was highly respected by everyone for she possessed a king and generous heart.Charity was something inborn in her. Even as a little girl she would give kindly to each and every beggar who would pass by their house to ask for alms. She would also often go out of her way to invite the poor children in the trees to the house and let them play with her toys. As she grew up, she continued on with his charitable acts. It became a usual scene every Sunday morning when she came home after mass to see a long line of beggars, wai ting for her at the foot of the stairs. With open hands and an understanding heart, she would see to it that their needs are attended to.She would personally hand in food, toys, clothes, money and the like according to what each of them would ask from her. Her goodness was very much appreciated by her town mates who made her more endeared to them. Unfortunately, Jamaican was not as lucky in love as most other beautiful omen her age were who got married and had children. She didn't fall in love again when her first love got sick and died. She remained an old maid even after her parents have both died and was left alone in the house. Instead, she devoted her time and wealth caring for the needy.To openly express their gratitude and respect she truly deserves as would be fitting to one as elderly a woman she has come to be regarded, people began addressing her as â€Å"Aka Anta† – â€Å"Aka† woman and â€Å"Anta† which is short for Jamaican. Altogether, â₠¬Å"Aka Anta† became more than just a name; the name itself became a symbol of â€Å"salvation to the needy†. One Christmas day, like all previous Christmas, many poor folks flocked to the home of Aka Anta for the usual yuletide giveaways. Short of their expectations, Aka Anta was not by the open window for the first time in years.They called out to her but there was no reply, nor did anyone come to the window. They tried altogether to call out to her several times, but again there was no response. Anxious and all that, a number of them decided to enter the house if anything was the matter. As the door opened, they see Aka Anta lying on the floor. Certain she was dead, the women began to scream, the men made the sign of the cross. There followed loud weeping as they affectionately cried out her name, â€Å"Aka Anta! Aka Anta†. The more they were moved to tears when they noticed the gifts lying on the floor Aka Anta had prepared for them. x

Controlling vapours from an open tank along the path includes (select

Controlling vapours from an open tank along the path includes (select Controlling vapours from an open tank along the path includes (select all that apply): – Assignment Example Controlling vapors from an open tank "along the path" includes (select all that apply Problem The main idea of the business was to establish a strategy that will ensure that there is stability of the business even if there are instances of substitutes or entrants of new companies into the industry. That will ensure that the business gains brand royals that will ensure that there is smooth running of the business. There is also an attempt to ensure that the quality of products is maximized so as to reduce the bargaining of customers. Problem 2 The best customer experience I had was when I was in a supermarket that sold wrapped sandwiches. The wrapping was in an attractive package that was eye capturing. I did not expect that I would ever find sandwiches that had been wrapped in such a manner. The packaging was attractive far much than my expectations and that is the first thing that caught my sight and that made me to be attracted to the product. The product stands out as my best because I was able to get a product that surpassed my expectations. I was also able to get a thing that was of a high product and equally attractive and that made me to be excited about the whole thing. The worst thing customer product experience that I have ever had is after I purchased a local juice from the streets. The juice was packed in a good manner; however, the taste did not match the packaging. I expected the drink to b awesome but that turned out to be contrary to my expectations. The product counts to be the worst because I was not able to gather the satisfaction that I expected (Gietzmann, 1996). Part 3 It would be hard for the company to succeed without any scientific proof. This is because the patients or customers would not want to try out on anything that has not been scientifically proven. People would prefer scientific approval of the products that they use. The product’s cost is reasonable because it is easily affordable for the consumers or customers. The annual quantity can be estimated by forecasting based on the market estimates that are available for the substitute products (Furlong, 1997). The marketing strategy that can be applied can vary based on the approach that is proffered. The company can use the pricing strategy. That can involve a low penetration cost that is backed by high low levels of advertising. That would ensure that the consumers are attracted to the company products by the low prices. The other strategy could be the use of high prices and high levels of advertising. The high prices would compensate for the high advertising costs that are incurred by the company. The company should not rush into manufacturing because the amount investment could end up as a loss if the products are not approved. If I was the CEO of the company, I would first await for the approving of the product before I go ahead with manufacturing. References Furlong, W. (1997). Marketing concepts. New York, free state. Gietzmann, (1996). Customer satisfaction and privilege. Marketing Research (December): 409- 429.

The Personality Test Essay Example

The Personality Test Essay Example The Personality Test Essay The Personality Test Essay By taking the Big Five Personality test I have discovered some very interesting things about myself. Compared to my mom and dad I have more of my dad personality traits.I found out that I scored high for conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeable. I also found out that I scored low for Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience/Intellect. Since I scored high in extraversion my score was 70%, which means I would be good at my job, which involves interaction between individuals during the day. According to the Big Five Personality test it says I tend to be social, friendly, fun, and loving the low score shows that I’m introverted, reserved, inhibited, and quiet, I enjoy the company of other people. Communication is one of my favorite things to do I enjoy talking to others. If I weren’t high in score for the Extraversion the job I have at the moment wouldn’t last for me because the workers need to be alert, talkative, friendly, and loving. I work with kids so all of that is a must and more. I scored high in conscientiousness my score was 83%, according to the website it said I am reliable, well organized, self-disciplined, and careful. The Low score is the opposite of the high score, which is disorganized, undependent, and negligent. I tend to try to force myself to be organized because once not I feel like my life is a mess. I like things in there place where they are easy to get and easy to find. I’m a full time student and I work four times a week so if I were not organized my life would be outrageous. For example if I have to be at work at 3:00pm, I would be there at that time. I also scored high in Agreeableness my score was 74% according to the website it said I tend to be good-natured, sympathetic, forgiving, and courteous. I scored low in being critical, rude, harsh, and callous.I personally feel like this score should have been higher. This is the only section in the test I disagree with. I know for a fact I am al

Female Victims of Miscarriage of Justices Dissertation

Female Victims of Miscarriage of Justices - Dissertation Example A mere fraction of such cases are eventually classified as instances of miscarriage of justice. Such is the incompetency of the criminal justice system.2 A miscarriage of justice has been defined as result in a judicial proceeding that is totally inequitable. For instance, the conviction of a defendant despite the absence of adequate evidence. The concentration of the above definition is chiefly restricted to the area of wrongful convictions, which are just one of the numerous types of miscarriage of justice. Some of the other varieties of miscarriage of justice are wrongful arrests, charges or indictments, and sentences. 3 In addition, this term also includes harassment by a law enforcement officer, the failure of a lawyer to file an appeal within the stipulated time, and the failure of correctional officials to immediately release a prisoner whose sentence has ended. It is a sad commentary of our justice system that correctional officials, defence attorneys, judges, jurors, prosecu tors and the police frequently engage in acts that constitute a miscarriage of justice. ... These consist of errors of impunity and errors of due process. The errors of due process are characterised by unwarranted harassment, detention or conviction, or the excessive sanctioning of individuals suspected of having committed a crime. On the other hand, errors of impunity take place, whenever there is a lapse of justice, which enables a culpable offender to go scot free, or evade justice. 6 Errors of impunity can result from errors of due process. For instance, if individuals are arrested, convicted and imprisoned for crimes that they had not committed, then the true offenders in these crimes is at liberty to indulge in further criminal activities. At the same time, it is possible for a real offender to be arrested, convicted and incarcerated for some other crime. Due process errors have been subjected to a greater amount of scholarship in comparison to the errors of impunity.7 Miscarriages of justice have the capacity to bring system failure to the fore, in a manner that is n ot only open but also vivid. These are difficult to ignore, regardless of whether these are based on failures to respond adequately to victimisation or on wrongful convictions. All the same, the realisation of such potential transpires only in a few cases.8 As a consequence, the presumption arises that in the majority of the instances, miscarriage of justice is not disclosed. It can also be assumed that a large number of cases, wherein miscarriage of justice transpires, are commonplace in the lower courts. Moreover, even in cases involving serious crime, such miscarriage of justice takes place and the convicted undergo their sentencing without any public awareness regarding the injustice that has transpired.9 This undesirable

The Role and Development of Mathematics in Western Technology Essay

The Role and Development of Mathematics in Western Technology - Essay Example The current paper, basing on the James Burke’s views (Burke, â€Å"The Day the Universe Changed†), examines the influence of mathematical inventions, particularly perspective geometry, on the development of the society during the Renaissance. Manuel Chrysoloras, Byzantine scholar, was invited to present the Greek culture to the Florentines start the course of Greek in the local university in the end of the 14th century (Burke 67). Money ran Florence during that time. The place was full of commercials of different kind: accountants, merchants, bureaucrats. However, there was no aristocracy in Florence. Everyone who had power or position in the town had bought it out of his profits. Florence was dynamic republican â€Å"capitalist† company town. The same year Chrysoloras arrived, the Medici had started an international bank to lend the Florentine cash with double interest rate. They had branches all over Europe. They were successful in this activity due to their se cret weapon â€Å"double-entry bookkeeping† (Burke 61). There was no place the money could not get the possessor, but up. The problem was that there was no â€Å"up†. James Burke had in mind the material luxury, â€Å"the touch of class† that, first of all, had to be manifested in town’s architecture and dà ©cor.... Reading the Latin pre-Christian texts of poetry, rhetoric, history, and civics the Florentines began to understand that humans could live in human way without heavenly help. Hence originates the desire of the 15th century Florentines to imitate Latin style, particularly Roman remarkable architectural solutions to make their home look as fine as ancient Rome. However, they could not do all that architectural constructions like ancient triumph arches, giant columns, and domed ceilings. The abilities of the post-medieval mathematics and geometry were limited to estimate the architectural solutions. There was a sharp need in some mathematical innovations (Burke, â€Å"The Day the Universe Changed†). Before we discuss the invention of perspective geometry in the Western world, Arabic scholar Alhazen has to be mentioned. In the end of the 10th century, he was the first to explain accurately the process of visual perception and showed that the eye perceives the light reflected from t he object. Alhazen developed a complete theory of vision that was called â€Å"perspective† in the Middle Ages (Struik 72). Though, he did not use his ideas in practice, his theory received a wide recognition in Europe, where his ideas rocked the Renaissance scholars. The first precise formulation of the law of the perspective geometry is attributed to Brunelleschi. Nearly 1424, he realized that on the flatness all parallel lines strive to a single vanishing point. This mathematical principle was inspired by Paolo Toscanelli who had scrupulously studied the Alhazen works and gridded Ptolemy’s Atlas. In this respect, using an arsenal of mathematical theories to build a proper perspective, he painted on wooden panel St. John’s baptistery of Florence. To emphasize the accuracy of his

What Should the Media Do to Respect Right for Privacy Essay

What Should the Media Do to Respect Right for Privacy - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that according to â€Å"Things that are not in the U.S. Constitution†, (n.d.), is it reported that â€Å"The Constitution does not specifically mention a right to privacy. However, Supreme Court decisions over the years have established that the right to privacy is a basic human right, and as such is protected by virtue of the 9th Amendment. The right to privacy has come to the public's attention via several controversial Supreme Court rulings, including several dealing with contraception (the Griswold and Eisenstadt cases), interracial marriage (the Loving case), and abortion (the well-known Roe v Wade case). In addition, it is said that a right to privacy is inherent in many of the amendments in the Bill of Rights, such as the 3rd, the 4th's search and seizure limits, and the 5th's self-incrimination limit".  Although the right to privacy is not specifically stated in the text of the Constitution, the 14th, 1st, 4th, and 5th Ame ndments have provided some privacy protection. The right to privacy protects individuals from information that is gathered, collected, and how the information is used.  Individuals have the freedom to decide whether or not to participate in certain acts or to subject himself/herself to certain situations and experiences. This right of privacy is protected by the 14th Amendment.  Unauthorized use of an individual's name or likeness is protected by the Right of Publicity. For commercial reasons and purposes, this gives an individual the right to license the use of their identity. There are four invasion types of invasion of privacy, according to The Restatement Second of Torts. These include an appropriation of name or likeness, intrusion, unreasonable publicity, and false light.

Encounter with God Essay Example for Free

Encounter with God Essay As I recall a moment in my life which I had experienced a liberating and transforming encounter with God, the first thing that came into my mind was my first confession to the priest back when I was in our first year recollection. I can still remember how nervous I am that time because I didn’t really know what to do inside the confession room. But then, before I entered the room, I gave myself a time to just relax and think conscientiously all the sins I have made against God, family, friends and my neighbors. That time, I felt so relieved of the fact that I have realized that I was once wrong. When it was my turn to go inside, the feeling of nervousness lowered down. It’s as if I have accepted and opened myself to what reality with God is – and that’s the act of confession. While confessing my sins to the priest, it seems like I am having my most honest conversation with Him. I can really tell that it was exactly the real me who’s talking to God. With that encounter, I was enlightened that God have transformed me to be the real me. I felt liberated from the barriers that tried to hide the essence of my existence. After that loving encounter with God, I have fully accepted what I really am – a thinking being capable of caring and hurting, but had always acknowledged change. I promised to Him not to do the same mistake twice – and be open to whatever life brings. That was the time when my view of life became clearer, that in however way God shows life to me, it’s always for my own good and for a significant reason and purpose. I can’t say now if I have really fulfilled my promises to Him, but one thing is for sure that I have always been carrying out all His goodness to me.

Saving Birds From Extinction Environmental Sciences Essay

Saving Birds From Extinction Environmental Sciences Essay Now although the number and variety of birds that migrate has decreased over the last two decades, several foreign species continue to visit National Zoological Park during winters. Previously, almost 5,000 migratory birds spread across more than 10 species used to fly down to the Delhi Zoological Park. But now this number has fallen to an alarming 500-odd birds belonging to hardly five-six species. According to the Zoos curator several true migratory birds like Siberian crane, Brahminy duck, Mallard, Red-Crested Pochard and White Stork have not visited the Delhi zoo over the last few years. This decline is due to a number of reasons including atmospheric pollution, hunting by humans, lack of food, global warming etc. Local migratory birds also turn up at the Delhi Zoo, and this place becomes a treat to watch for bird lovers. October end and November are the months when the birds start arriving, and more birds are estimated to come by January and February. STATE WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE CHANGING STATE OF BIRDS: Since the year 1500, we have lost over 150 bird species an extinction rate far higher than the natural background. Today, one in eight bird species is threatened with global extinction, with 189 species Critically Endangered, and Red List assessments show that things are getting worse. Particularly alarming are sharp declines in many formerly common and widespread species. This is a signal of wider environmental problems, and of the erosion of biodiversity as a whole. Why birds are declining:irds are declining: Humans are responsible for the threats to birds. Expanding and intensifying agriculture and forestry destroy and degrade habitats. Inadequately managed fisheries, ever-spreading infrastructure, invasive alien species, pollution and overexploitation all pose serious problems. Climate change, with impacts already visible, may be the most serious threat of all. These threats have deeper causes, rooted in our failure to accord wild nature its true value. Sound environment: Over the past few decades, the worlds governments have endorsed many international agreements relevant to the conservation of biodiversity, demonstrating their willingness to cooperate in tackling important environmental issues. The challenge now is to harness this commitment and ensure that concrete actions are taken where they are most needed. In several countries, the engagement of civil society and indigenous peoples organisations has resulted in impressive progress. There are signs of increasing action in the private sector, too. Agriculture and forestry are the key drivers of habitat destruction of birds: In Africa, habitat clearance for agriculture and logging threatens 50% and 23% of Important Birds Areas (IBAs) respectively. In Europe, agricultural expansion and intensification are among the most serious threats affecting IBAs. Proportion of IBAs impacted by different classes of threats in Africa and Europe Analysis of data held in BirdLifes World Bird Database (2004) In Africa, habitat clearance for agriculture threatens over 50% of Important Bird Areas (IBAs), with degradation owing to shifting agriculture an additional pressure (Fishpool and Evans 2001). In Europe too, agricultural expansion and intensification are among the most serious threats affecting IBAs, with a high impact at 35% (Heath and Evans 2000). In Africa, selective logging or tree-cutting affects 23% of IBAs, with degradation owing to firewood collection (including charcoal production) and forest grazing being additional, often related pressures (these threats are of less importance in Europe where little old-growth forest remains). In Africa, ongoing or planned infrastructure development (including dam and road building) is a further key cause of habitat destruction, with 21% of IBAs affected. In Europe this is also a major factor affecting IBAs, with a high impact at 37% . The Effects of Oil on Wildlife: We have all seen pictures and videos of wildlife covered in black, sticky oil after an oil spill.   These pictures are usually of oiled birds.   Many people are not aware that it is not just birds that get oiled during a spill.   Other marine life such as marine mammals can also suffer from the effects of an oil spill.   Even small spills can severely affect marine wildlife. Not all oils are the same.   There are many different types of oil and this means that each oil spill is different depending on the type of oil spilt.   Each oil spill will have a different impact on wildlife and the surrounding environment depending on: the type of oil spilled, the location of the spill, the species of wildlife in the area, the timing of breeding cycles and seasonal migrations, and even the weather at sea during the oil spill. Oil affects wildlife by coating their bodies with a thick layer.   Many oils also become stickier over time (this is called weathering) and so adheres to wildlife even more.   Since most oil floats o nthe surface of the water it can effect many marine animals and sea birds.   Unfortunately, birds and marine mammals will not necessarily avoid an oil spill.   Some marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins, have been seen swimming and feeding in or near an oil spill.   Some fish are attracted to oil because it looks like floating food.   This endangers sea birds, which are attracted to schools of fish and may dive through oil slicks to get to the fish. Oil that sticks to fur or feathers, usually crude and bunker fuels, can cause many problems.   Some of these problems are: hypothermia in birds by reducing or destroying the insulation and waterproofing properties of their feathers; hypothermia in fur seal pups by reducing or destroying the insulation of their woolly fur (called lanugo).   Adult fur seals have blubber and would not suffer from hypothermia if oiled.   Dolphins and whales do not have fur, so oil will not easily stick to them; birds become easy prey, as their feathers being matted by oil make them less able to fly away; marine mammals such as fur seals become easy prey if oil sticks their flippers to their bodies, making it hard for them to escape predators; birds sink or drown because oiled feathers weigh more and their sticky feathers cannot trap enough air between them to keep them buoyant; fur seal pups drown if oil sticks their flippers to their bodiesk birds lose body weight as their metabolism tries to combat low body temperature; marine mammals lose body weight when they can not feed due to contamination of their environment by oil; birds become dehydrated and can starve as they give up or reduce drinking, diving and swimming to look for food; inflammation or infection in dugongs and difficulty eating due to oil sticking to the sensory hairs around their mouths; disguise of scent that seal pups and mothers rely on to identify each other, leading to rejection, abandonment and starvation of seal pups; and damage to the insides of animals and birds bodies, for example by causing ulcers or bleeding in their stomachs if they ingest the oil by accident. Oil does not have to be sticky to endanger wildlife.   Both sticky oils such as crude oil and bunker fuels, and non-sticky oils such as refined petroleum products can affect different wildlife.   Oils such as refined petroleum products do not last as long in the marine environment as crude or bunker fuel.   They are not likely to stick to a bird or animal, but they are much more poisonous than crude oil or bunker fuel.   While some of the following effects on sea birds, marine mammals and turtles can be caused by crude oil or bunker fuel, they are more commonly caused by refined oil products. Oil in the environment or oil that is ingested can cause: poisoning of wildlife higher up the food chain if they eat large amounts of other organisms that have taken oil into their tissues; interference with breeding by making the animal too ill to breed, interfering with breeding behaviour such as a bird sitting on their eggs, or by reducing the number of eggs a bird will lay; damage to the airways and lungs of marine mammals and turtles, congestion, pneumonia, emphysema and even death by breathing in droplets of oil, or oil fumes or gas; damage to a marine mammals or turtles eyes, which can cause ulcers, conjunctivitis and blindness, making it difficult for them to find food, and sometimes causing starvation; irritation or ulceration of skin, mouth or nasal cavities; damage to and suppression of a marine mammals immune system, sometimes causing secondary bacterial or fungal infections; damage to red blood cells; organ damage and failure such as a bird or marine mammals liver; damage to a birds adrenal tissue which interferes with a birds ability to maintain blood pressure, and concentration of fluid in its body; decrease in the thickness of egg shells; stress; damage to fish eggs, larvae and young fish; contamination of beaches where turtles breed causing contamination of eggs, adult turtles or newly hatched turtles; damage to estuaries, coral reefs, seagrass and mangrove habitats which are the breeding areas of many fish and crustaceans, interfering with their breeding; tainting of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and algae; interference with a baleen whales feeding system by tar-like oil, as this type of whale feeds by skimming the surface and filtering out the water; and poisoning of young through the mother, as a dolphin calf can absorb oil through its mothers milk.    Animals covered in oil at the beginning of a spill may be affected differently from animals encountering the oil later.   For example, early on, the oil maybe more poisonous, so the wildlife affected early will take in more of the poison.   The weather conditions can reduce or increase the potential for oil to cause damage to the environment and wildlife.   For example, warm seas and high winds will encourage lighter oils to form gases, and will reduce the amount of oil that stays in the water to affect marine life. The impact of an oil spill on wildlife is also affected by where spilled oil reaches.   For example, fur seal pups are affected more than adults by oil spills because pups swim in tidal pools and along rocky coasts, whereas the adults swim in open water where it is less likely for oil to linger.   Dugongs als feed on seagrass along the coast and therefore be more affected by oil spills. Different resources will be needed to combat an oil spill, depending on the number and type of wildlife that is affected.   Climate Change Linked To Migratory Bird Decrease: Biologists believe that climate change is affecting living things worldwide, and the latest evidence suggests that warmer winters may mean fewer migratory birds. New research shows that as winter temperatures have risen in central Europe, the number of migratory birds has dropped. Ultimately, this may also decrease the number of migratory bird species there. We predict that with increasing winter temperaturesthe number of long-distance migratory bird species should decline, say Nicole Lemoine and Katrin Boehning-Gaese of Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany, in the April issue of Conservation Biology. The Earths surface temperature has increased by about a degree F since 1860, and is expected to increase by as much as 10 degrees F more over the next century. Already, climate change is affecting plants and animals in many parts of the world: for instance, plants in Europe have a longer growing season, a North American marmot has a shorter hibernation period, and some migratory birds in Europe are starting to breed earlier. Climate change could also affect the abundance and diversity of birds. The idea is that warmer winters could increase the survival of birds that live in an area year-round, which could give migratory birds more competition for resources such as food and nest sites when they return to breed in the spring and that in turn could decrease the total number of migratory birds as well as the number of species. To see if climate change affects the abundance and diversity of migratory birds, Lemoine and Boehning-Gaese analyzed existing bird census and climate data for the Lake Constance region of central Europe, which includes parts of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The researchers determined the number of land bird species and the abundance of each species during two recent census periods (1980-81 and 1990-92). The researchers considered 300 species of land birds and divided them into three categories: residents, short-distance migrants (those that migrate an average of roughly 600 to 1,200 miles) and long-distance migrants (those that migrate more than 2,200 miles). There were 122, 80 and 108 species in each category, respectively. While climate change did not affect resident or short-distance migratory birds, Lemoine and Boehning-Gaese found that it did affect the long-distance migrants. Between the two census periods, winters got warmer and the abundance of long-distant migrants decreased. Specifically, the average temperature of the coldest month increased more than four degrees F, and the abundance of long-distance migratory birds decreased by a fifth. Ultimately, warmer winters will probably also decrease the number of long-distance migratory bird species in Central Europe, say the researchers. In addition, the birds migratory behavior will probably evolve. The migratory behavior of bird populations can change in only a few generations, and several populations of wrens, skylarks and other short-distance migrants have stopped migrating in the last 20 years. Migrating Birds Cant Control Themselves: During the spring and fall migratory seasons, sparrows become significantly less capable of resisting temptation. Researchers writing in the open access journal  BMC Neuroscience  investigated impulse control and sleep in white-crowned sparrows during migratory and non-migratory seasons. During migratory periods, the birds slept very little and became more impulsive, but sleep loss itself was not entirely to blame for their impulsivity. University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers studied the effects of migratory status and sleep deprivation on the ability of a group of sparrows to master the urge to peck at a food-giving button. According to study director Ruth Benca, In the wild, despite marked reductions in apparent opportunity to sleep, birds continue to successfully engage in prolonged flight, complex navigation and predator evasion during migration. In the laboratory, weve previously found that birds in the migratory state can learn to peck at a switch for food as well as birds during non-migratory periods. In contrast, in this study we demonstrate that, relative to birds in the non-migratory state, they struggle to learn when not to peck. This apparent hyperactivity during the migratory period may be linked to the fact that the migrating birds sleep periods become divorced from the light/dark cycle they follow during the non-migratory seasons of Summer and Winter; separate experiments showed that sleep deprivation alone does not cause this loss of control. Short sleep duration in the summer is also not associated with increased impulsivity. According to Benca, It is conceivable that the temporal fragmentation of migratory sleep plays a role in the migration-specific loss of behavioral inhibition. Whether the inability to inhibit pecking is related to a general failure of inhibition, a distorted sense of time, inattention to salient cues, or some other underlying mechanism is not entirely clear. How to Prevent Illness in  Birds: Reducing the Risk of Illness in Pet  Birds While it can be difficult to think about, the reality of bird ownership is that there are many things that can adversely affect a birds health in our homes, in the air, and even within the safety of your birds own cage. Reducing the risk of illness as much as possible is a necessity for the majority of bird owners, and can be done by working to eliminate the major risk factors in your birds environment. Pay close attention to the information below to help your bird ward off some of the most common illnesses that affect birds in captivity. As the old saying goes, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure! Practice good hygiene. Practicing good  hygiene  around your bird can go a long way toward preventing the onset of illness in your pet. In addition to washing your hands both before and after you handle your feathered friend, you should also take time to make sure that your birds toys, dishes, and other cage accessories are cleaned and disinfected on a regular basis. Practice good cage-cleaning techniques by changing the liner at least once a day, and doing a deep, thorough scrubbing weekly. Taking these sorts of steps will help reduce the your birds risk of being exposed to viruses and bacteria that may find their ways into your pets living space. Solution: In BriefHuman history has followed a pattern-which began in Africa but is now global in scope-of exploiting nature and depleting resources. As we have expanded our influence over the world, we have also extinguished species and populations at an alarming rate. Despite attempts to reduce biodiversity loss, the trend is likely to continue: nearly 20% of all humans-more than a billion-now live within biodiversity hotspots, and their growth rate is faster than the population at large. This article presents nine steps to reduce biodiversity loss, with a goal of categorizing human-caused extinctions as wrongs, such as the slave trade and child labor, that are unacceptable to society. These steps include developing a system of parks that highlight the planets biological legacy, much as historical landmarks celebrate human history. Legal prohibitions that are fairly and capably enforced will also be essential in protecting rare and declining species. Biodiversity endowments-from national gov ernments, nongovernmental organizations, and private enterprises-can help support parks and native species in perpetuity. Like a good sports team, conservationists need to defend extant wilderness areas, but they also need to play offense by restoring ecosystems, reclaiming keystone and umbrella species, and making human landscapes more hospitable to biodiversity. In the long run, the most effective forms of conservation will be those that engage local stakeholders; the cultivation of sustainable ecosystems and their services must be promoted along with conservation of endangered species and populations. The emerging field of ecological economics can unite these goals by revealing the connections between human well-being and conservation. Key Concepts Extinction is likely to be one of our longest-lasting legacies. To address this crisis, we will need landscape-level management of wilderness and human-impacted areas, community involvement, legislation, economic incentives, bioliteracy, unified conservation science, and attention to the prime drivers of extinction: growth of the human population and its aggregate consumption. The new field of ecological economics, which synthesizes human activities and natural processes, can quantify the costs and benefits of biodiversity protection. We need a social transformation, through education and ecological literacy, to make human-caused extinction a thing of the past, like the slave trade, apartheid, and the Iron Curtain. In 2008, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in the UK announced a final call to find the slender-billed curlew, a one-time resident of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, last seen in 1999. Meanwhile, scientists in Australia pronounced the white lemuroid possum extinct; a native of mountain forests in Queensland, the possum was the first mammalian extinction blamed exclusively on global warming.. Two critically endangered frog species were declared extinct, despite their protection by a Costa Rican national park. More than 140 species of mammals, 24 birds, 6 reptiles, and 5 amphibians deteriorated in conservation status, moving from lower to higher risk categories of concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the global authority on the conservation status of the worlds animals and plants.1  Only 37 mammals improved during this period, along with two birds and one amphibian. Unfortunately, the year 2008 was not exceptional in these respects. The biodiversity crisis is by now as well known as it is tragic. The species extinction rate is of great concern. At least 76 mammal species are known to have gone extinct since 1500, with several others on the verge.2  The baiji, a freshwater dolphin of the Yangtze, will almost certainly join the list soon. The Scimitar-horned oryx and Pere Davids deer now probably exist only in captivity. Marine mammals are in severe danger, especially in northern oceans. Things are even worse for other, less celebrated, taxa. More than 70% of North Americas freshwater mussel species are on the edge of extinction.3  Since the Polynesians first arrived on Hawaii 1,600 years ago, more than 70% of the islands native birds have disappeared.4  Since 1850, the extinction rate for the worlds birds has been about 100 times higher than the background rate in the fossil record. More than 10% of all bird species remain threatened. Seabi rds have been in special jeopardy-rats took out many island colonies, and about 130 of the 450 remaining species are threatened with extinction-but forest birds arent faring much better. If deforestation continues at the present pace, so many birds may disappear that their extinction rate will increase by more than an order of magnitude by the end of the century.5 The problem is much bigger than species loss. The diversity of life spans many levels, from strands of DNA within an individual to entire ecosystems comprising billions of organisms and thousands of species. Extinction occurs adaptation by adaptation, population by population, habitat by habitat. The disappearance of a population is often a prelude to species extinction,6  but species can lose their ecological relevance long before they go extinct, as their numbers dwindle and they no longer remain key players in the system. Many extant species are now absent from more than half of their historic ranges. As organisms disappear, we lose our natural capital-the ecological goods and services that enrich and sustain our lives. That deforestation and overgrazing can lead to erosion and desertification is as obvious as the Sahel, but other connections-such as the rise of malaria and hemorrhagic fevers in disturbed lands-are becoming more apparent as our ecological footprints and understa nding of diseases expand. There is a growing recognition that our natural heritage is at risk, irreplaceable, and central to our well-being. There are potential remedies for these problems, but they will take effort and determination. The financial crisis made front-page news every day in early 2009. The global extinction crisis barely was mentioned. Yet economic recessions are a blip in history, whereas the effects of runaway extinction will linger for millions of years. Paleontologists have identified long lags in the evolution of new organisms following major extinction events, largely because diversity begets diversity. Extinction chips away at the genetic and ecological engines of speciation. With fewer genetic lineages, there is a reduction in the raw material of evolution: variation in DNA. A reduction in ecosystems and unique niches means fewer opportunities for new organisms to evolve. The drop in the number of species, genera, and families on the planet is likely to be a long-lasting legacy of human activities. We will be poorer without a rich store of biodiversity-in spirit, in health, and even in our pocketboo ks. Here are nine tactics that could help moderate human-caused extinctions. Most of these suggestions have been made before, repeatedly, but they warrant our continued and ever-more-urgent attention. Landscape 1. Biodiversity Parks Many countries have national parks that feature special landscapes and geological formations: the volcanic caldera of Yellowstone, the Grand Canyon, Mount Kilimanjaro. In addition to these traditional and essential parks, there is a need to protect a carefully designed network of reserves on each continent and in every ocean. This global series, or archipelago, of biological refuges-biodiversity parks-will preserve key features of the Earths biological legacy inherited from the evolutionary past into the future. Such parks, in effect, would celebrate and honor the evolutionary heritage reflected in biological diversity, just as traditional national parks and monuments preserve special geological features or honor important historical events in human affairs. Rather than merely constructing museums that memorialize biocide, biodiversity parks would offer explicit protection for endangered species and evolutionarily distinctive ecosystems. The task is not as insurmountable as it might appear. By preserving and endowing just 25 biodiversity hotspots (less than two percent of the earths land area) we could help protect 44% of vascular plant species and 35% of all species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians for $500 million a year7-less than 0.1% of the funds allocated to the United States Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to bail out incompetent financial institutions. One difficulty with many current park systems is that reserves often tend to be on residual lands that are not very valuable for resource extraction or human subsistence. A study of new reserves in Australia showed that they were typically gazetted on steep and infertile public lands, areas least in need of protection.8  Without proper planning, ad hoc reserves can be ineffective, often occupying less productive land, making the goal of protecting biodiversity more expensive and less likely to succeed. Well-placed networks of sanctuaries, designed with an awareness of ongoing climate disruption and the unique biotic facets of the sites, can help shepherd many species through the extinction crisis. In discussing parks, we often think of landscapes, but the biodiversity crisis affects aquatic systems as well. Protection of the oceans requires safeguards against overfishing and networks of marine reserves that include rich nearshore habitats (such as coral reefs and upwellings) as well as deep-sea vents and abyssal plains. As on land, these protected areas should range from strict nature reserves where fishing and extraction are forbidden to seascapes that are managed for their cultural and ecological value. Areas that are open to exploitation should be managed sustainably to meet the long-term resource needs of local communities, while providing natural services such as recreational opportunities and water purification.9 2. Ecologically Reclaimed and Restored Habitats Humans need to play conservation offense as well as defense. Beyond the immediate concern with the loss of a particular population, species, or ecosystem, a focus on long-term recovery and biological revival is also essential. Scientific research can inform the restoration of local habitats and help renaturalize entire ecosystems by uniting scattered fragments. In Costa Rica, scientists, businesspeople, politicians, and the local community helped regenerate 700 square kilometers of a tropical forest system-an area assaulted by ranching, hunting, logging, and fires for almost 400 years. They purchased large tracts of land, stopped the farming and fires, and let nature take back its original terrain.10  Restoration relying on successional recovery is not always so predictable, however. The reintroduction of fire to sand barren prairies that had been overgrown with willow was not enough to restore the prairie. The woody vegetation was resistant to the fire regime.11  For that reason, restoration ecologists are often needed to ensure the recovery of degraded lands.12  Thousands of species have been eradicated or imperiled by the construction of ill-conceived dams throughout the world. It is too late for the many freshwater mussels and fish that have gone extinct, but for others the damage still can be reversed. The removal of the Edwards Dam from the Kennebec River in Maine restored large numbers of eels, sturgeon, and striped bass to upstream habitats, where they had been absent for more than 150 years. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service funds competitive grants for private stewardship of lands, with an emphasis on endangered species habitat. Dozens of federal grants support restoration projects such as prairie streams for the Topeka shiner in Iowa, aquatic systems for Arctic grayling in Montana, grasslands for a threatened milk-vetch and other plant species in Oregon, and habitat for sage grouse in Colorado.13 The reintroduction of individual species can play an important role in rewilding parks and their surrounding ecosystems. Large animals are especially prone to extinction, yet they are often key to ecological dynamics. The return of a megafaunal species to its historic range can yield many benefits: undo a population extinction, make habitats more interesting and exciting for locals and visitors, and restore ecological interactions (often with positive system-wide consequences). There have been several successful examples of repatriation, though far from enough. Bald eagles now nest in every state in the continental U.S., and populations have increased by more than an order of magnitude since their lows in the 1960s. Przewalskis wild horse has been reclassified from Extinct in the Wild to Critically Endangered, with more than 300 free-ranging individuals now roaming Mongolia. After several decades of absence from the park, gray wolves released by the Yellowstone Wolf Recovery Team in 1995 produced some surprising changes: survivorship of pronghorn fawns increased fourfold, as coyote densities declined where wolves were present;14  streamside vegetation returned as elk browsing declined; and tourists flocked to the region, spawning a new type of ecotourism-wolf watching-now a $35 million a year industry.15 Some have argued that one way to restore ecological interactions that were lost with the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna would be to introduce analogs, or modern counterparts, from elsewhere. For example, bringing Asian elephants to North America might provide seed dispersers for certain plants that co-evolved with mastodons.16  There is no scientific or ethical consensus about the wisdom of such expensive and transformative action. Yet the possibility that genetic engineers might one day be able to bring extinct megafauna such woolly mammoths to life from frozen ancient DNA17  should prompt us to consider whether, if such efforts are successful, mammoths are something worth restoring to landscapes that have not seen them in 11,000 years. Community 3. The Fabric of Local Communities As scholars, biologists mostly observe. They build models, experiment, and-on good days-make new empirical or conceptual connections: the effects of pesticides on egg development, the role of disease in amphibian declines, or the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem function. Such studies take place on the modest spatial scale of a Petri dish, a common garden, or perhaps a local landscape, and at the modest temporal scale of a few years. To ameliorate the extinction crisis, though, science must move beyond such focused analyses-i